Endomorphic

Endomorph, endomorphic, and endomorphism can refer to:

  • One of the three somatotypes, or animal body-types, that contains high body fat, and that gains weight easily (also ectomorphic and mesomorphic)

Endomorphism can also refer to a mathematical concept:

  • In category theory, something pertaining to or related by an endomorphism

General English Proficiency Test

The General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) [1] is a test of English language proficiency that was commissioned by Taiwan’s Ministry of Education in 1999. The GEPT was developed by the Language Training and Testing Center [2] in Taipei, Taiwan and was first administered in 2002.


Overview

There are four levels of the test currently being administered: elementary, intermediate, high-intermediate, and advanced. A fifth level, the superior level, was administered only once and then suspended, pending further need. With the exception of the advanced level of the test, which is only conducted in Taipei at the LTTC headquarters, the GEPT is administered at sites located around the island of Taiwan as well as on offshore islands including Peng-hu and Kin-men.

The GEPT Elementary level is presumed to be appropriate for students who have studied English through junior high school. The GEPT Intermediate level is seen as suitable for high school graduates or university freshmen. The GEPT High-intermediate level is thought to be suitable for university graduates majoring in English. The GEPT Advanced level test is considered adequately difficult that only someone with a graduate degree from a university in an English-speaking country would be able to pass it.

Reportedly, comparability studies that will relate the GEPT to the Common European Framework standards of language proficiency are underway.

Each level is administered in a two-stage process. First, all examinees at each level take a listening and reading comprehension test. Those examinees who pass this first stage are allowed to register for the second stage, the speaking and writing portions of the test.


Total number of examinees and passing rates

The elementary level test was first administered in 2002 and has been held twice each year since then. The total number of examinees to take the first stage of the elementary test through early 2005 was over 500,000. The passing rate for the first stage of the test is currently approximately 40%. The passing rate for examinees taking the second stage is approximately 77%.

The intermediate level of the test has also been held twice yearly since 2002. The number of examinees taking stage one of the test totals over 300,000, with a passing rate of approximately 34% for the first stage and 33% for the second stage.

The high-intermediate level of the test, also held twice yearly, has had a total of approximately 60,000 through 2004, and passing rates of 32% and 30% respectively for stages one and two.

The advanced level of the test is held once yearly, and the total number of examinees who have taken it since 2002 is approximately 3,000. The passing rate for stage one is approximately 21% and 16% for stage two.


References

  • LTTC’s GEPT website

IE 8200 Class

The Iarnród Éireann 8200 Class electrical multiple units were built for the Dublin Area Rapid Transit (DART). The units are two-car sets, of which here are five. They are numbered in the sequence 8201+8401, etc… The units first entered service in 2000. The units have operated in multiple with the 8500 and 8510 classes.

As of September 2007, the entire class is out of service for unknown reasons. Four of the units are stored in Fairview depot while 8204/8404 is stored in Inchicore Works.


External Links

Irish Rail Fleet Information webpage

Toise

A toise (symbol: T) is a unit of measure for both length and area originating in pre-revolutionary France. As a unit in North America, it primarily relates to colonial French establishments in early Louisiana and Quebec.


Definition


Unit of Length

  • 1 Toise was about 1.949 meters in France before 10 December 1799.
  • 1 Toise was exactly 2 meters in France between 10 December 1799 and 1 January 1840 (mesures usuelles).
  • 1 Toise = 1.8 meters in Switzerland


Unit of area

  • 1 Toise was about 3.799 square meters as a measure for land and masonry area in France before 10 December 1799.


Unit of volume

  • 1 Toise = 8.0 cubic meters (20th century Haiti)


Origin

Historical French unit. Early Louisiana in the United States.


See also

  • French units of measurement


External links

  • Sizes.com toise page
  • Reference from UN United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Statistical Office of the United Nations

Diffeomorphism constraint

In theoretical physics, it is often important to study theories with the diffeomorphism symmetry such as general relativity. These theories are invariant under arbitrary coordinate transformations. Equations of motion are generally derived from the requirement that the action is stationary. There are special variations that are equivalent to spatial diffeomorphisms. The invariance of the action under these variations implies non-dynamical equations of motion i.e. constraints. These equations must be satisfied or, at least, they must annihilate the physical states in a quantum version of the theory.


See also

  • Wheeler-deWitt equation

Standard enthalpy change of neutralisation

The standard enthalpy change of neutralisation is the change in enthalpy that occurs when an acid and base undergo a neutralisation reaction to form one mole of water under standard conditions (298K and 1atm), i.e. react to produce water and a salt. It is a special case of the standard enthalpy change of reaction.

Planck voltage

The Planck voltage is the unit of voltage, denoted by VP, in the system of natural units known as Planck units.

<math>V_P = \frac{E_P}{q_P} = \sqrt{\frac{c^4}{G 4 \pi \epsilon_0}} \approx</math> 1.04295 × 1027 V

where

<math>E_P</math> is the Planck energy

<math>q_P</math> is the Planck charge

<math>c</math> is the speed of light in a vacuum

<math>G</math> is the gravitational constant


See also

  • Planck’s constant
  • Natural units

Envolution

Envolution is a content management system that began as a fork of PostNuke.


Creation

Envolution created and developed a smarty based templating engine named “Encompass”. Emcompass was later combined with “envRender”, another Envolution-developed work.


Envolution Software

The Envolution Project formally disbanded as a community project in 2003. Afterwards, the group became the Envolution Software business entity. Envolution Software serves as a holding company for various other projects and products.


External links

  • Envolution Website

Musi

Musi may refer to:

  • Musi River (Indonesia)
  • Musi River, India

It may also refer to:

  • Angelo Musi, an American basketball player

Regional Enhanced Program

The Regional Enhanced Programme is a Canadian educational programme designed for gifted students.

The Peel Board of Education defines gifted students as children that have an unusually advanced degree of general intellectual ability that requires differentiated learning experiences of a depth and breadth beyond those normally provided in the regular school programme to satisfy the level of educational potential indicated.

The curriculum of an enhanced programme at the middle school level could include special tasks or projects designed to challenge gifted students. At the high school level, the course material is the same but the manner of teaching and/or the assignments given can vary based on the needs of the students.

List of asteroids/111001–112000

! colspan=”5″ style=”background-color:silver;text-align:center;” id=”001″| 111001–111100 [ edit]

! colspan=”5″ style=”background-color:silver;text-align:center;” id=”101″| 111101–111200 [ edit]

! colspan=”5″ style=”background-color:silver;text-align:center;” id=”201″| 111201–111300 [ edit]

! colspan=”5″ style=”background-color:silver;text-align:center;” id=”301″| 111301–111400 [ edit]

! colspan=”5″ style=”background-color:silver;text-align:center;” id=”401″| 111401–111500 [ edit]

! colspan=”5″ style=”background-color:silver;text-align:center;” id=”501″| 111501–111600 [ edit]

! colspan=”5″ style=”background-color:silver;text-align:center;” id=”601″| 111601–111700 [ edit]

! colspan=”5″ style=”background-color:silver;text-align:center;” id=”701″| 111701–111800 [ edit]

! colspan=”5″ style=”background-color:silver;text-align:center;” id=”801″| 111801–111900 [ edit]

! colspan=”5″ style=”background-color:silver;text-align:center;” id=”901″| 111901–112000 [ edit]

Document Schema Definition Languages

Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) is a framework within which multiple validation tasks of different types can be applied to an XML document in order to achieve more complete validation results than just the application of a single technology.

It is specified by the standard ISO/IEC 19757.

DSDL is a multipart standard defining a modular set of specifications for describing the document structures, data types, and data relationships in structured information resources.

  • Part 1 Overview
  • Part 2 Regular-grammar-based validation - RELAX NG
  • Part 3 Rule-based validation - Schematron
  • Part 4 Namespace-based validation dispatching language - NVDL
  • Part 5 Datatype Library Language - (DTLL)
  • Part 6 Path-based integrity constraints
  • Part 7 Character Repertoire Description Language (CRDL)
  • Part 8 Document Schema Renaming Language (DSRL)
  • Part 9 Datatype- and namespace-aware DTDs
  • Part 10 Validation Management


See also

  • RELAX NG
  • Schematron
  • DTD
  • Namespace Routing Language
  • W3C Schema


External links

  • Home page for DSDL

Software Spectrum

Software Spectrum is a company acquired by Level 3 Communications (NASDAQ: LVLT) in 2002. Insight Enterprises purchased Software Spectrum from Level 3 Communications in September 2006 Insight. It is the world’s largest Microsoft Large Account Reseller (LAR). In addition, the company sells a full array of software for PCs and servers, including Adobe, Symantec and Trend Micro.Software Spectrum

Gainsborough Airport

Gainsborough Airport, , is located adjacent to Gainsborough, Saskatchewan, Canada.


References

Second-level domain

In the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy, a second-level domain (SLD) is a domain that is directly below a top-level domain (TLD). For example, in wikipedia.org, wikipedia is the second-level domain of the .org TLD.

Second-level domains commonly refer to the organization that registered the domain name with a domain name registrar. Some domain name registries introduce a second-level hierarchy to a TLD that indicates the type of organization intended to register an SLD under it. For example, in the .uk namespace a college or other academic institution would register under the .ac.uk ccSLD, while companies would register under .co.uk.


See also

  • Domain Name System
  • Top-level domain
  • Subdomain
  • Country code top-level domain
  • Country code second-level domain
  • Single-letter second-level domains

Eotvos (unit)

The eotvos is a unit of acceleration divided by distance that was used in conjunction with the older centimeter-gram-second system of units. The eotvos is defined as 1/1,000,000,000 galileo per centimetre. The symbol of the eotvos unit is E.

In SI units or in cgs units, one eotvos equals 1/1,000,000,000 1/second2.

The gravitational gradient of the Earth, that is, the change in gravitational acceleration from one point on the Earth’s surface to another, is customarily measured in units of eotvos.

The largest component of the Earth’s gravitational gradient is in the vertical direction, and measures about 3000 eotvos (an elevation increase of 1 m gives a decrease of gravity of 0.3 mGal).

The horizontal components are much less. At mid-latitudes in flat homogeneous terrain it is ca. 8 eotvos (moving in the direction of the nearest pole gives an increase of gravity of 0.8 mGal/km) due to the flattening of the Earth at the poles and the centrifugal force of Earth’s rotation.

Gradient anomalies in mountainous areas are in the neighborhood of 1000 eotvos.

The eotvos unit is named for the physicist Loránd Eötvös, who made pioneering studies of the gradient of the Earth’s gravitational field.

Document-term matrix

Document-term matrices are used in natural language processing programs. They represent natural language documents as mathematical objects (a matrix) and make it possible to process them as a whole.


General Concept

When creating a database of terms that appear in a set of documents the document-term matrix contains rows corresponding to the documents and columns corresponding to the terms. For instance if one has the following two (short) documents:

  • D1 = “I like databases”
  • D2 = “I hate hate databases”,

then the document-term matrix would be:

I like hate databases
D1 1 1 0 1
D2 1 0 2 1

which shows which documents contain which terms and how many times they appear.

Note that more sophisticated weights can be used; one typical example, among others, would be tf-idf.


Choice of Terms

A point of view on the matrix is that each row represents a document. In the vectorial semantic model which is normally the one used when computing a document-term matrix, the goal is to represent the topic of a document by the frequency of semantically significant terms. The terms are semantic units of the documents. It is often assumed, for Indo-European languages, that nouns, verbs and adjectives are the more significant categories , and that words from those categories should be kept as terms.
Adding collocation as terms improves the quality of the vectors, especially when computing similarities between documents.


Applications


Improving search results

Latent semantic analysis (performing eigenvalue decomposition on the document-term matrix) can improve search results by disambiguating polysemous words and searching for synonyms of the query. However, searching in the high-dimensional continuous space is much slower than searching the standard trie data structure of search engines.


Finding topics

Multivariate analysis of the document-term matrix can reveal topics/themes of the corpus. Specifically, latent semantic analysis and data clustering can be used, and more recently probabilistic latent semantic analysis and non-negative matrix factorization have been found to perform well for this task.

Milestone (Project management)

Within the framework of project management a Milestone is a terminal element that marks the completion of a work package or phase, typically marked by a high level event such as completion, endorsement or signing of a deliverable, document or a high level review meeting. Typically a milestone is associated with some sort of decision that outlines the future of a project.

Image scanning

Document Scanning or Image Scanning is the action or process of converting text and graphic paper documents, photographic film, photographic paper or other files to digital images. This “analog” to “digital” conversion process (A<D) is required for computer users to be able to view electronic files.


See also

  • Image scanner

Virtual Museum of Canada

The Virtual Museum of Canada (VMC) [1] is Canada’s national virtual museum. With over 2500 Canadian museums, the VMC brings together Canada’s museums regardless of size or geographical location [2].
The VMC includes virtual exhibits [3], free online games [4], educational material [5], and over 580000 images [6]. The resources are bilingual -available in both French and English. While the content on the Virtual Museum of Canada is created by Canadian museums, it is administered by the Canadian Heritage Information Network which is an agency within the department of Canadian Heritage[7].

The Virtual Museum of Canada provides an online environment for Canadian communities to tell their stories and preserve their history. One of the most popular sections of the VMC is their Community Memories section [8]. This is a place where smaller Canadian community museums, who are mostly volunteer run, can create online exhibits about their history.


External links

  • Virtual Museum of Canada website
  • French language version
  • English language version

Economic Cooperation Administration

The Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) was a United States government agency set up in 1948 to administer the Marshall Plan. It reported to both the State Department and the Department of Commerce. The agency’s head was Paul G. Hoffman, a former head of Studebaker. Much of the rest of the organization was also headed by major business figures. The ECA had an office in the capital of each of the sixteen countries participating in the Marshall Plan. In theory the ECA served as joint administrator of the Marshall Plan development projects in each European nation. In practice the local officials knew far more about what was needed than the ECA representatives.

Bit specification

In computing, bit specification may mean:

  • Computer hardware or software capabilities or design features expressed in terms of bit counts. Higher bit specification (e.g. 16-bit vs. 8-bit) usually indicates better performance. Examples:

    • Color depth
    • Computer bus size
    • Processor register size
    • Sound quality
  • Specification or datasheet where the meaning of individual bits in a larger, for example byte-length, message is described. Bit specifications are often required to document low-level device control or data transmission protocols. See bit manipulation.