Feb 28

LM317

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LM317 is an integrated three-terminal adjustable linear voltage regulator. It supports input voltage of 3V to 40V and output voltage between 1.25V and 37V. It has a current rating of at least 1.5A although lower current models are available. Its output voltage is controlled by a resistor or a potentiometer. The LM317 also has a built-in current limiter as a safety feature. LM317 is manufactured by many companies, including National Semiconductor and Fairchild Semiconductor. The LM317 will automatically reduce output current if it gets too hot under load. The use of a heatsink is recommended to extend the part’s power-handling capability. LM317 is a positive voltage regulator. Its negative complement is the LM337.


Specifications

Vout range 1.25V - 37V
Vin - Vout difference 3V - 40V
Operation ambient temperature 0 - 125°C
Output Imax >1.5A
Minimum Load Currentmax 10mA


See also

  • Voltage regulator


External links

  • Information page about LM317 from National Semiconductor
  • LM317 datasheet from Texas Instrument(pdf)
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  • Feb 28

    Special Interest Group

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    In the computer field, a Special Interest Group (SIG) is a community with a particular interest in a specific technical area. SIGs exist for the fields of computing architecture, graphics, security, etc. Members of a SIG cooperate to effect or to produce solutions within their particular field, and often meet regularly, particularly at computing conferences.

    In other fields SIGs may be sub-organizations within a larger group, which allow individuals interested in a smaller area, possibly irrelevant to the main group, to meet others who share their particular concerns, without generating the feeling that the purpose of the parent organization is being subverted.


    Computing SIGs

    • Bluetooth Special Interest Group
    • PCI Special Interest Group
    • 34 SIGs in the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) include SIGGRAPH, SIGPLAN, SIGCOMM, SIGIR and SIGSAM
    • Australian Computer Society
    • British Computer Society, where the SIGs are called specialist groups.


    See also

    • Special interest
    • Mensa International#Organizational structure
    • Linux User Group


    External links

    • ACM: Special Interest Groups
    • CHI Bangalore Group of HCI professionals, practitioners and students in Bangalore, the Silicon Valley of India
Feb 27

Dust Devils

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Dust Devils is an independently published role-playing game set in a spaghetti western setting, written by Matt Snyder. It was voted the 2002 Indie RPG Game of the Year; it also won the Best Synergy of Game and Rules category, as well as placing in the Best Production and Most Innovative Game categories.


External links

  • Chimera Creative home page
Feb 27

.mq

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.mq is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Martinique.

The .mq top-level domain was managed by SYSTEL but that company went out of business and the country code’s technical contact is unfindable. SYSTEL was subsequently bought by Mediaserv but the registration services have not been reopened so far.


External links

  • IANA .mq whois information
  • Mediaserv’s website
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  • Feb 27

    Swedish Consumer Agency

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    Swedish Consumer Agency (Konsumentverket) is a Swedish government agency that answers to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Affairs. The agency is located in Stockholm.

    The agency, with a staff of around 180, provides the Swedish general public with consumer affairs assistance, acting in the collective interest of consumers. It is active in the fields of advertising and contract terms, consumer information, product safety, product quality and environmental impact. The task of resolving individual consumer disputes, however, is handled by the Swedish National Board for Consumer Complaints.


    See also

    • Government agencies in Sweden.


    External links

    • Swedish Consumer Agency - Official site
    Feb 27

    Sakito, Nagasaki

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    Sakito (崎戸町; -chou) is a town located in Nishisonogi District, Nagasaki, Japan.

    As of 2003, the town has an estimated population of 2,126 and a density of 150.57 persons per km². The total area is 14.12 km².

    Feb 27

    SAMAK

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    The SAMAK (Arbettarrörelsens nordiske samarbejdskommitté) assembles the social democratic parties and the trade union councils in the Nordic countries.

    SAMAK had its 120 years anniversary in June 2006. The celebration took place as the 22. Nordic Labour Congress. Though celebrating the 120 years anniversary of the unique cooperation the Labour Congress devoted its time to discuss the so called Nordic Model.

    external links

    official SAMAK website

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    • Feb 27

      Characterization (materials science)

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      Characterization, when used in materials science, refers to the use of external techniques to probe into the internal structure and properties of a material. Characterization can take the form of actual materials testing, or analysis, for example in some form of microscope.


      Analysis

      Analysis

      techniques are used simply to magnify the specimen, to visualise its internal structure, and to gain knowledge as to the distribution of elements within the specimen and their interactions.

      Magnification and internal visualisation are normally done in a type of microscope, such as:

      • Optical Microscope
      • Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
      • Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
      • Field Ion Microscope (FIM)
      • Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
      • Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

      Elemental analysis of the specimen can also be done in a number of ways:

      • Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)
      • Wavelength Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDX)
      • Mass spectrometry
      • Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)
      • Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS)
      • Auger electron spectroscopy
      Feb 27

      Digital locker

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      Digital locker [1], is a Microsoft platform for the delivery of software electronically that works with Windows Marketplace and is secured by use of Windows Live ID. The digital locker platform is comprised of four major components:

      1. Windows Marketplace catalog
      2. Multi merchant download cart
      3. Digital Locker Assistant (a client side application that facilitates the download of purchased applications)
      4. Digital Locker.

      For consumers, the digital locker and Windows Marketplace can be used for purchasing and downloading third party software titles compatible with Microsoft Windows, and then using that purchased software on any computer the software license allows.

      For software developers, the digital locker and Windows Marketplace can be a cost-effective channel for the distribution of their software titles.


      Source

      • Windows Marketplace
      • Digital Locker information from Windows Marketplace
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      • Feb 27

        Scanning gate microscopy

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        Scanning gate microscopy (SGM) is a scanning probe microscopy technique with an electrically conductive tip used as a movable gate that couples capacitively to the sample and probes electrical transport on the nanometer scale. Typical samples are mesoscopic devices, often based on semiconductor heterostructures, such as quantum point contacts or quantum dots. Carbon nanotubes too have been investigated.

        In SGM one measures the sample’s electrical conductance as a function of tip position and tip potential. This is in contrast to other microscopy techniques where the tip is used as a sensor, e.g., for forces.

        SGMs were developed in the late 1990s from atomic force microscopes. Most importantly, these had to be adapted for use at low temperatures, often 4 kelvins or less, as the samples under study do not work at higher temperatures. Today an estimated number of ten research groups worldwide use the technique.


        References

        • Coherent Branched Flow in a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas: A. Topinka et al., Nature 410, 183 (2001)
        • Scanned Probe Imaging of Single-Electron Charge States in Nanotube Quantum Dots: M. T. Woodside and P. L. McEuen, Science 296, 1098 (2002)
        • Spatially Resolved Manipulation of Single Electrons in Quantum Dots Using a Scanned Probe: A. Pioda et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 216801 (2004)
        • Imaging and controlling electron transport inside a quantum ring: B. Hackens et al., Nature Phys. 2, 826 (2006)
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        • Feb 27

          Reviewing toolbar

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          The reviewing toolbar is a toolbar in Microsoft Office applications, used for the addition of comments and also to track changes made in a document. This toolbar is very useful when sharing a single document across a workgroup or having it proofread.

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          • Mile.com: Scanning and Document Imaging Software for Trucking Take a look at Prophesy's powerful scanning & rendition billing interface for the ultimate in document imaging designed for trucking. Scan documents in once
          • Feb 26

            Scopus

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            Scopus is part of the scientific name of the Hammerkop bird, after which the ornithological journal Scopus is also named. Mount Scopus is a mountain in Israel.

            Scopus is the name of an abstract and citation database and web-based research tool provided by Elsevier in cooperation with a number of university research libraries.


            See also

            • Citation index
            • CiteSeer
            • getCITED
            • Impact factor
            • List of academic journal search engines
            • Scirus


            External links

            • About SCOPUS - Information on Scopus provided by Elsevier.
            • SCOPUS homepage - Homepage of Scopus research tool.
            Feb 26

            Pa’o'a

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            The pāōā (often written as paoa, as the Tahitian is not punctilious about writing accents), is a modern dance from Tahiti where the dancers sit on their knees in a circle on the ground, sing and tap with their hands on their thighs on the rhythm of the music, which is a quite repetitive scanning refrain. Selected members, one boy, one girl, actually dance inside the circle. The whole scenario has something of a rooster fight (not common on Tahiti). Coincidentally the theme of the dance is usually from the hunt or from fishing.


            References

            • Patrick O’Reilly; La danse à Tahiti
            Feb 26

            BAE Systems Analytical & Ordnance Solutions

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            BAE Systems Analytical & Ordnance Solutions is a division of BAE Systems Inc. and formerly known as MEVATEC Corporation. BAE Systems completed its purchase of the company on March 21 2003 for $82 million.

            Analytical & Ordnance Solutions is based in Huntsville, Alabama. The company provides consultation services to U.S. Government departments and is a major participant in missile defence projects. The company also owns the management contract for the Holston Army Ammunition Plant, a government owned munitions plant. Holston manufacturers all of the RDX and HMX high explosives used by the U.S. military and 90 percent of that used “friendly” nations. The facility also manufactures other explosives and propellants, including those for use in the Trident missile project.[1]


            History

            MEVATEC was founded in 1985 as a private business. Following the purchase MEVATEC was renamed BAE Systems Analytical Solutions, adopting its current name following a later reorganisation.

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            • Search Systems SearchSystems.net is the internet's largest directory of public records databases,Search for all these records public, property, Federal, State, Local,
            • Information Systems - Elsevier Information systems are the software and hardware systems that support data-intensive applications. Information Systems publishes articles concerning the
            • Malin Space Science Systems Home Page Designs, develops, and operates instruments that fly on robotic spacecraft.
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            Feb 26

            1 E-8 m

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            To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 10-8 and 10-7 m (10 nm and 100 nm).

            Distances shorter than 10 nm

            • 20 nm — width of bacterial flagellum
            • 40 nm — extreme ultraviolet wavelength
            • 65 nm — size of the smallest transistors in a microprocessor produced in 2006.
            • 90 nm — Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Generally, viruses range in size from 20 nm to 450 nm.)
            • <100 nm — 90% of the particles of wood smoke

            Distances longer than 100 nm


            See also

            • Orders of magnitude (length)
            Feb 25

            Provisional remedy

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            →
            The purpose of a provisional remedy is the preservation of the status quo until final disposition of a matter can occur.

            Under United States law, FRCP 64 provides with several types of seizure (garnishment, replevin, attachment…) that a Federal Court may use pursuant to state law. FRCP 65 concerns Temporary Restraining Order (may be made ex parte) and preliminary injuction (requires some hearing).

            In order to establish the constitutionality of a provisional remedy, two cases must be distinguished. The 3-part test established in Matthews determines whether a prejudgment remedy meets the constitutional requirements when Government seeks deprivation on its own initiative. The court must take into consideration the private interest of the party against whom the remedy is sought, the risk of erroneous deprivation as well as the probable value, if any, of addition or substitute safeguards and, the moving party’s interest.

            The 3-part test established in Connecticut v. Doehr determines whether a prejudgment remedy meets the constitutional requirements when Government action is applied to a suit between private parties. The due process analysis involves the same requirements as set forth in Matthews.

            The court must also take into account whether there are exigent circumstances, a bon requirement, a judicial assessment, a detailed statement of factual basis, a prompt post-seizure hearing…


            Reference

            • http://www.edcostello.com/article.cfm?id=15
            Feb 25

            Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network

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            In the 1980s the telecommunications industry conceived that digital services would follow much the same pattern as voice services, and conceived a grandiose vision of end-to-end circuit switched services, known as the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN). This was conceived in the 1990s as a logical extension of the end-to-end circuit switched data service, ISDN.

            The technology for B-ISDN was going to be Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), which was intended to carry both synchronous voice and asynchronous data services on the same transport.

            The B-ISDN vision has been overtaken by the disruptive technology of the Internet.
            The ATM technology survives as a low-level layer in most DSL technologies.


            More Information

            [1]
            [2]

            • Feb 25

              JustSaveFoods

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              Just Save Foods is a small supermarket chain in North Carolina, U.S.A.

              The Just Save Foods store in Kannapolis was fined $2,000 for price-scanning errors in 2003.Salisbury Post, Friday, Octber 27, 2006 – “Salisbury Wal-Mart fined for price-scanning errors”

              The company is or was controlled by Lowes Foods, also known as Lowe’s Food Stores, Inc., a unit of Alex Lee.
              Santella and Associates, quoting Progressive Grocer’s 50 largest supermarket chains for the year 2002


              Locations

              • Eden
              • Kannapolis
              • Lexington
              • Shelby


              External links

              • Alex Lee, Inc.
              • Lowes Foods


              References

            Feb 25

            Transposition (music)

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            In music transposition refers to the process of moving a collection of notes (pitches) up or down in pitch by a constant interval. For example, one might transpose an entire piece of music into another key. Similarly, one might transpose a tone row or an unordered collection of pitches such as a chord so that it begins on another pitch. See also Transposing instrument and modulation.


            Two different types of transposition

            There are two different kinds of transposition, depending on whether one is measuring intervals according to the chromatic scale or some other scale. In chromatic transposition one shifts every pitch in a collection of notes by a fixed number of semitones. For instance, if one transposes the pitches C4-E4-G4 upwards by four semitones, one obtains the pitches E4-G♯4-B4. In scalar transposition one shifts every pitch in a collection by a fixed number of scale steps relative to some scale. For example, if one transposes the pitches C4-E4-G4 up by two steps relative to the familiar C major scale, one obtains the pitches E4-G4-B4. If one transposes the same pitches up by two steps relative to the F major scale, one obtains instead E4-G4-B♭4. Scalar transposition is sometimes called diatonic transposition, but this term can be misleading, as it suggests transposition with respect to a diatonic scale. However, scalar transposition can occur with respect to any type of scale, not just the diatonic.


            Sight transposition

            Although transpositions are usually written out, musicians are occasionally asked to transpose music “at sight”, that is, to read the music in one key while playing in another. Musicians who play transposing instruments sometimes have to do this (for example when encountering an unusual transposition, such as clarinet in C), as well as singers’ accompanists, since singers sometimes request a different key than the one printed in the music to better fit their tessitura.

            There are three basic techniques for teaching sight transposition: interval, clef, and numbers.


            Interval

            First one determines the interval between the written key and the target key. Then one imagines the notes up (or down) by the corresponding interval. A performer using this method may calculate each note individually, or group notes together (e.g. “a descending chromatic passage starting on F” might become a “descending chromatic passage starting on A” in the target key).


            Clef

            Clef transposition is routinely taught in Belgium and France. One imagines a different clef than the one printed so that the lines and spaces correspond to different notes. Seven clefs are used for this: treble, bass, baritone, and C-clefs on the four lowest lines; these allow any given staff position to correspond to each of the seven note names A through G. The octave may also have to be adjusted, but this is a trivial matter for most musicians.


            Numbers

            Transposing by numbers means, one determines the scale degree of the written note (e.g. first, fourth, fifth, etc.) in the given key. The performer then plays the corresponding scale degree of the target key.


            Transpositional equivalency

            Two musical objects are transpositionally equivalent if one can be transformed into another by transposition. It is similar to enharmonic equivalence and octave equivalence. In many musical contexts, transpositionally equivalent chords are thought to be similar. Transpositional equivalence is a feature of musical set theory.

            Using integer notation and modulo 12, to transpose a pitch x by n semitones:

            <math>T^p_n (x) = x+n</math>

            or

            <math>T^p_n (x) \rightarrow x+n</math>

            For pitch class transposition by a pitch class interval:

            <math>T_n (x) = x+n\ (mod 12)</math>

            (Rahn 1980)


            Source


            External links

            • Chords transposition
            • ChordSmith: Java program to transpose chords in song sheets
            Feb 25

            .ne

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            .ne is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Niger.

            Unrelated to the .ne top-level domain, “ne” is sometimes used as a second-level domain within other country-code domains, in which registrants may register second-level domains of the form .ne.xx, where xx is the ccTLD. Two examples are Japan (.ne.jp) and South Korea (.ne.kr). Other ccTLDs use “net” instead.


            External links

            • IANA .ne whois information
            Feb 25

            Code space

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            In computer programming, code space is the memory segment in the main memory allocated to a process to store the code in execution.

            In multi-threading environment, threads share code space along with data space, which reduces the overhead of context switching considerably as compared to process switching.


            See also

            • Address space
            • Document Imaging & Document Management Software Whether your business is large or small, ESI has the document imaging & document management software solution to suit your needs.
            • Feb 25

              Symbolics Document Examiner

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              Symbolics Document Examiner was a powerful and early hypertext system developed at Symbolics (a manufacturer of high-end workstations) by Janet Walker in 1985. The Symbolics Document Examiner was first used for a hypertext implementation of the Symbolics manual in the sixth release of the Genera OS, and was well-liked, winning an award from the Society of Technical Documentation.”The Document Examiner included with Release 6 won an award from the Society of Technical Documentation. The Symbolics Graphics Division introduced S-Paint, S! ! -Geometry, S-Render, and S-Dynamics as part of an integrated video-compatible image-making and image-processing facility.” “Symbolics Technical Summary”, 1985

              The Symbolics manual was an 8,000 page document that was represented in a 10,000 node “hyperdocument” containing 23,000 links in all. The entire manual required 10 MB of storage space - a significant amount in 1985, even on the Lisp machines Symbolics sold. The Symbolics Document Examiner used a hierarchical structure, which differed from other experimental hypertext systems; it apparently was partially inspired by an even earlier hypertext system, the precursor to Texinfo which originated with Emacs”We saw no reason to have the underlying information structure be reflected in the user interface model unless that structure was a good model for interacting with information. My experience in trying to help users with a tree-structured information interface (the INFO subsystem in EMACS) led me to believe that a book-like interface would be more palatable for many people.” pg 8 of Janet H. Walker’s “Document Examiner: Delivery Interface for Hypertext Documents”. 1987, Proceeding of the ACM conference on Hypertext

              Symbolics Document Examiner users could add bookmarks, which allowed returning to specific items easier; this method was later incorporated in graphical web browsers. The system also supported on-line substring searching. The biggest drawback to the Symbolics Document Examiner was that users could not make changes to any information or to a document’s navigation.


              References


              External link

              • Symbolics Document Examiner screenshots
            Feb 25

            Goal-oriented Requirements Language

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            Goal-oriented Requirements Language (GRL) is a language that is designed to support goal-oriented modeling and reasoning about requirements, especially the non-functional requirements [1]. It allows to express conflict between goals and helps to make decisions that resolve conflicts. There are three main categories of concepts in GRL: intentional elements, intentional relationships and actors [2]. They are called for intentional because they are used in models that primarily concerned with answering “why” question of requirements (for ex. why certain choices for behavior or structure were made, what alternatives exist and what is the reason for choosing of certain alternative.)
            Intentional elements are: goal, soft goal, task, belief and resource.
            Intentional relationships are: means-ends, decomposition, contribution, correlation and dependency.


            Notation

            Goal is condition or situation that can be achieved or not. Goal is used to define the functional requirements of the system. In GRL notation goal is represented by a rounded rectangle with the goal name inside.

            Task is used to represent different ways of how to accomplish goal. In GRL notation task is represented by hexagon with the task name inside.

            Softgoal is used to define non-functional requirements. It’s usually a quality attribute of one of the intentional elements. In GRL notation softgoal is represented by irregular curvilinear shape with the softgoal name inside.

            Resource is a physical or informational object that is available for use in the task. Resource is represented in GRL as a rectangle.

            Belief is used to represent assumptions and relevant conditions. This construct is represented as ellipse in GRL notation.

            Actor is an active object that carries out actions to achieve the goal. In GRL notation actor is represented as a circle with the actor name inside.

            Agent is a concrete actor, such as a human individual or machine.

            Relationships

            Means-ends relationship shows how the goal can be achieved. For example it can be used to connect task to a goal.

            Decomposition relationship is used to show the sub-components of a task.

            Contribution relationship describes how one element influence another one.

            Correlation relationship describes side effects of existence of one element to others.

            Dependency relationship describe interdependences between agents.


            References

            [1] Lin Liu, Eric Yu, “Designing information systems in social context: a goal and scenario modelling approach”

            [2] GRL web site, University of Toronto, http://www.cs.toronto.edu/km/GRL/

            Feb 25

            Management process

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            Management process is a process of planning and controlling the performance or execution of any type of activity, such as:

            • a project (project management process) or
            • a process (process management process, sometimes referred to as the process performance measurement and management system).

            Organization’s top management is responsible for carrying out its management process.


            See also

            • project
            • list of management topics
            • list of project management topics
            • project management
            • project planning
            • Human Resource Management Systems
            Feb 25

            ORWO

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            ORWO was a manufacturer of photographic film. The basis for ORWO was the AGFA Wolfen plant, which was located in what was to become East Germany, and thus nationalized after WWII.

            The ORWO trademark (for Original Wolfen) was introduced in 1964. ORWO branded 35mm colour slide film became available in the United Kingdom in the 1970s through magazine advertisements for mail order suppliers. It was a cheaper alternative to the mainstream brands available at the time.

            In 1998 a new company FilmoTec GmbH was formed and continues to manufacture a reduced range of Orwo products, specialising in cine film. Some products are re-branded and sold by Maco.


            External links

            • ORWO films (in English or German)