Virginia pound

This article is about the colonial currency, for the actress Virginia Pound, see Adrian Booth.

The pound was the currency of Virginia until 1793. Initially, the British pound circulated along with foreign currencies, supplemented from 1755 by local paper money. Although these notes were denominated in pounds, shillings and pence, they were worth less than sterling, with 1 Virginia shilling = 9 pence.

The State of Virginia issued Continental currency denominated in £sd and Spanish dollars, with 1 dollar = 6 shillings. The continental currency was replaced by the U.S. dollar at a rate of 1000 continental dollars = 1 U.S. dollar.

Gaya Line

The Gaya Line is a short railway line serving Busan, South Korea. The line connects Sasang on the Gyeongbu Line to Gaya (junction with the Bujeon Line) and Beomil on the Donghae Nambu Line.


See also

  • Korean National Railroad
  • List of Korea-related topics

Dramaturgical action

Dramaturgical action is a social action that is designed to be seen by others and to optimize our public self-image.

This concept has been used by Jürgen Habermas, Erving Goffman, and Harold Garfinkel, among others.


See also

  • Dramaturgical perspective

Demand assignment

In telecommunication, a demand assignment is an operation in which several users share access to a communications channel on a real-time basis, i.e., a user needing to communicate with another user on the same network requests the required circuit, uses it, and when the call is finished, the circuit is released, making the circuit available to other users.

Demand assignment is similar to conventional telephone switching, in which common trunks are provided for many users, on a demand basis, through a limited-size trunk group.

See also: Time-assignment speech interpolation

Knot density

Knot density is a traditional measure for quality of handmade carpets. It refers, quite simply, to the number of knots per unit of surface area - typically either per square inch or per square centimeter.

For two carpets of the same age and similar design, the one with the higher number of knots will be the more valuable. With more than 30 knots per square centimeter (1 sq cm = approx. 0.155 square inch), the carpet pattern will have less pixelation. The carpet’s surface will also feel more solid and will give better protection against aging.

A Persian carpet with fewer than 30 knots per sq cm is generally considered an average to low-quality carpet, while over 50 indicates a fine piece of work.

Hand-tying of knots is a very labour-intensive task. An average weaver can tie almost 10,000 knots per day. More difficult patterns with an above-average knot density can only be woven by a skilful weaver, thus increasing the production costs even more.

List of Lego computer and video games

This is a table of Lego computer and video games.

Title GBC GBA NDS N64 GC Xbox PS1 PS2 PC MAC Xbox 360 PSP Wii PS3
Alpha Team
Bionicle Heroes
Bionicle: The Game
Lego Chess
Lego Creator
Lego Digital Designer
Drome Racers
Lego Friends
Lego Island
Lego Island Xtreme Stunts
Lego Knights’ Kingdom
Legoland
Lego Loco
Lego My Style Preschool
Lego My Style Kindergarten
Lego Racers
Lego Racers 2
Lego Rock Raiders
Soccer Mania
Lego Stunt Rally
Lego Star Wars: The Video Game
Lego Star Wars II: The Original Trilogy
Lego Universe
Title GBC GBA NDS N64 GC Xbox PS1 PS2 PC MAC Xbox 360 PSP Wii PS3

Burundian constitutional referendum, 1992

Burundi held a constitutional referendum on 9 March 1992.


Main points of the new constitution

  • Presidential system of government
  • Renewable five-year presidential mandate
  • Introduction of proportional representation
  • Freedom of the press
  • Guarantees of human rights
  • Political groupings seeking legal recognition are required to comply with certain requirements, including acceptance of the Charter of National Unity


Results

The new constitution was promulgated on 13 March 1992.


Elections

The first elections held under the new constitution took place on 1 June (Presidential) and 29 June 1993 (Legislative).


See also

  • History of Burundi

XFrames

XFrames is an XML application being developed by the W3C for combining multiple documents together. It is intended as a replacement for HTML frames. As of October 2005 it is only a W3C Working Draft.

Its creators hope to solve some of the problems associated with current HTML Frames. These problems include: the web browser’s Back button no longer functioning intuitively, losing the ability to bookmark (add Favorites) specific documents easily, sometimes getting unexpected results when reloading the frameset, getting trapped in a frameset, and not being able to distinguish the locations of the different documents which is a security issue.


External links

  • W3C XFrames Specification was a W3C Working Draft on 12 October 2005

Australia Standard Pallets

Australia Standard Pallets are square hardwood pallets which are standard in Australia and non-standard anywhere else in the world.

They are 1165 mm by 1165 mm in size and fit perfectly in the RACE (container) of the Australian railways. They are ill-suited for the standard 20-foot and 40-foot ISO containers used around the globe.

Well-known and utilised Australian Pallet manufacturers include Chep, which is an Australian company that is found all over the globe, utilising the local standard sizes of pallets; Loscam, which is a subsidiary of the giant General Electric Corporation from the United States; and Pink Pallets, which is a privately-owned business based in South East Queensland. Chep and Loscam primarily hire out pallets - the client is charged per pallet per day. Pink Pallets are manufacturers of standard and non standard pallets for industry and also recycle used pallets for the environmentally conscious user. Pink Pallets sell their products rather than hiring them.

Breath test

  • Breathalyzer - By far the most common usage of this term relates to the legal breath test to determine if a person is driving under the influence of alcohol.
  • Hydrogen breath test - However, it is becoming more and more common for people to undertake a medical test for clinical diagnosis of dietary disabilities such as fructose intolerance, fructose malabsorption, lactose intolerance and lactulose intolerance.
  • The presence of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease can be tested with a urea breath test.

When one is called over to have a breath test, one should always comply. Ben Cousins, former West Coast Eagles captain, made the error of fleeing the scene of a booze bus and was immediately stripped of the West Coast captaincy. Breath tests are there to keep the roads safe and the road tolls low.

Society of Graphic Designers of Canada

The Society of Graphic Designers of Canada(GDC) is Canada’s national graphic design association. It is a member-based organization of design professionals, educators, administrators, students, and associates in communications, marketing, media and design-related fields.


Foundation

The GDC was founded in 1956, became a national association in 1974 and was granted a Federal Charter in 1976. In 1996 the GDC’s Ontario Chapters joined together to create RGD Ontario, Canada’s first accredited body of graphic designers with a legislated title.


Activities

The Society has been an advocate and resource for Canada’s graphic design profession since 1956. The GDC maintains a national certified body of graphic designers and promotes high standards of graphic design and ethical business practices, for the benefit of Canadian industry, commerce, public service and education.

Through the media, publications, seminars, events, conferences and exhibits, the GDC builds awareness of graphic design and its essential role in business and society.


Organization

There are currently nine GDC Chapters and over 1000 members across Canada. The GDC communications network facilitates a national, ongoing exchange of ideas and information for designers and students.


Chapters

  • Alberta North - Sylvia Rigakis, President
  • Alberta South - Gwen Hetherington, President
  • Arctic - Allison Howie, President
  • Atlantic - Danielle Autran, President
  • BC Mainland - Mark Busse, President
  • BC Vancouver Island - Kirsty Armstrong, President
  • Manitoba - Karla Burr, President
  • Ontario -
  • Quebec -
  • Saskatchewan North - Colin McFadyen, President
  • Saskatchewan South - Dean Kulbida, President
  • Members at Large -


Affiliations

GDC is a member of the Icograda (International Council of Graphic Design Associations (Icograda)), the worldwide non-governmental body representing the graphic design profession. This provides GDC members with the opportunity for international recognition, professional development and a global perspective on graphic design.

The Société des Designers Graphiques du Québec (SDGQ), representing graphic designers in the province of Quebec, is closely allied with the GDC.


External links

  • Society of Graphic Designers of Canada (GDC) Website
  • GDC Graphex Design Awards
  • GDC BC Chapter Blog
  • GDC BC Flickr page
  • GDC BC Video.ca page

F-factor (conversion factor)

The F-factor, in diagnostic radiology, is the conversion factor between rontgens and rads (or, in more modern units, coulombs/kg to grays). In other words, it converts between the amount of ionization in air (rontgens) and the absorbed dose in tissue (rads). The two determinants are of the F-factor are the effective Z of the material and the type of ionizing radiation being considered. Since the effective Z of air and soft tissue is approximately the same, the F-factor is approximately 1 for many x-ray imaging applications. However, bone has an F-factor of up to 4, due to its higher effective Z.


References

Bushberg et al., 2002. The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (p. 55)

TCPaccess

TCPaccess is a software product which implements the TCP/IP protocol suite on IBM mainframe computers using the MVS operating system. It was developed in 1986 by Advanced Computer Communications under the name ACCES/MVS,
and was the first commercial TCP/IP implementation for MVS mainframes. It is usually associated with Interlink Computer Sciences, which developed and marketed the product from 1990 until 1999, and is frequently referred to as “the Interlink stack”.

The product was marketed by Cisco Systems as Cisco IOS for S/390. It is currently offered by Computer Associates as Unicenter TCPaccess Communications Server.


External links

  • Cisco IOS for S/390 – From Cisco Systems.
  • Unicenter TCPaccess Communications Server – From Computer Associates.

S1 (Berlin)

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Dancing Rabbit

Dancing Rabbit is an ecovillage near Rutledge, Missouri, USA.

Dancing Rabbit, founded in 1997, is a rapidly growing intentional community in the pioneering stage. It aspires to grow to be a small, locally self-reliant town of 500 to 1000 residents, committed to radical environmental sustainability. All members of Dancing Rabbit agree to abide by ecological covenants [1] and sustainability guidelines [2].

The members of Dancing Rabbit are housed in a variety of living arrangements, eat a variety of foods, and work on varied projects. Their society is flexible enough to include egalitarian communities, cohousing, and individual households. Dancing Rabbit aims to create a culture that is not only sustainable environmentally, but also socially. The young community’s culture is marked by feminism, respect for the arts, consensus decision-making, and nonviolence. Although the people of Dancing Rabbit may have different approaches to some issues, the common desire for environmental sustainability underlies all decisions at Dancing Rabbit.

While Dancing Rabbit strives for self-sufficiency and economic independence, they do not socially or intellectually sequester themselves from mainstream America. Rather, outreach and education are integral to their goals. The community vigorously promotes itself as a viable example of sustainable living and is eager to spread its ideas and discoveries through visitor programs, internships, academic and other publications, and speaking engagements.

In 2005, Dancing Rabbit was featured in the FX television series 30 Days, where members taught their way of life to two mainstream non-residents for one month. The two lived in a converted grain bin and helped with various projects such as gardening, natural building and cooking.


See also

  • Skyhouse


External links

  • Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage
  • Skyhouse Community - an egalitarian subcommunity at Dancing Rabbit

Charge carrier

In physics, a Charge carrier denotes a free (mobile, unbound) particle carrying an electric charge. Examples are electrons and ions. In semiconductor physics, the travelling vacancies in the valence-band electron population (holes) are treated as charge carriers.

In ionic solutions, the charge carriers are the dissolved cations and anions. Similarly, cations and anions of the dissociated liquid serve as charge carriers in liquids and melted ionic solids (see eg. the Hall-Heroult process for an example of electrolysis of a melt).

In plasma, such as an electric arc, the electrons and cations of ionized gas and vaporized material of electrodes act as charge carriers. (The electrode vaporization occurs in vacuum too, but then the arc is not technically occurring in vacuum, but in low-pressure electrode vapors.)

In vacuum, in an electric arc or in vacuum tubes free electrons act as charge carriers.

In metals, the charge carriers are the electrons forming the Fermi gas in the metal lattice.


Majority and minority carriers in semiconductors

In semiconductors, electrons and holes act as charge carriers. The more abundant charge carriers are called majority carriers. In N-type semiconductors they are electrons, while in P-type semiconductors they are holes. The less abundant charge carriers are called minority carriers; in N-type semiconductors they are holes, while in P-type semiconductors they are electrons.

Minority carriers play an important role in bipolar transistors and solar cells. However, they play no role in FET transistors.

When an electron meets with a hole, they recombine and vanish. The energy released can be either thermal, heating up the semiconductor (thermal recombination, one of the sources of waste heat in semiconductors), or released as photons (optical recombination, used in LEDs and semiconductor lasers).

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Karunesh

Karunesh is a new age / ambient musician born in Cologne, Germany in 1956. His music has strong Asian and Indian influences prevalent throughout, with liberal use of Indian instruments (like the sitar for example).

Although he had been drawn to music as a child and played in bands as a teenager, he chose to study graphic design as a career. However, after attaining his degree, Karunesh was involved in a serious motorcycle accident. His brush with death prompted him to rethink his life and embark on a spiritual journey of sorts, and in 1979 he travelled to India. His accident also prompted him to choose music as a career instead of graphic design.

In 1987, Karunesh released his first album entitled Sounds of the Heart, which was met with success, followed by Colors Of Light the following year and Sky’s Beyond the year after that. As of 2006 Karunesh has released 17 albums (see Discography below).

Karunesh has lived in Maui, Hawaii, since 1992.


Discography

  • 1987 Sounds Of The Heart
  • 1988 Colours Of Light
  • 1989 Sky’s Beyond
  • 1991 Heart Symphony
  • 1992 Heart Chakra Meditation
  • 1993 Beyond Body & Mind
  • 1996 Secrets of Life
  • 1997 Osho Chakra Sounds (Note: Co-artist ‘Osho’ is sometimes dropped from the title)
  • 2001 Wanderer (May 8, 2001)
  • 2001 Zen Breakfast (July 10, 2001)
  • 2002 Nirvana Cafe
  • 2003 Silent Heart (July 1, 2003)
  • 2003 Global Spirit (September 2, 2003)
  • 2004 Call Of the Mystic (May 11, 2004)
  • 2004 Beyond Heaven (June 8, 2004)
  • 2006 Global Village (April 11, 2006)
  • 2006 Joy Of Life (October 24, 2006)


External links

  • Karunesh discography
  • Karunesh Biography
  • Karunesh’s homepage

Variable yield

Variable yield, or Dial-a-yield, an option available on most modern nuclear weapons, allows the operator to specify a weapon’s yield, or explosive power, allowing a single design to be used in different situations. Variable yield technology has existed since at least the 1960s. Examples of variable yield weapons include the B61, B83, W80 and W85 warheads.

Dial-a-yield can be achieved with fusion neutron boosting. This can be accomplished by injecting a few milliliters of deuterium-tritium (DT) gas into the vacuum of a hollow core pit inside of a fission-type nuclear weapon. When the dial is turned it may open a valve that will inject a little bit of DT gas into the core of the device. Then the atomic core is plugged, and the high-explosive trigger is assembled.

One weapon that may use this approach is the W88 warhead currently used on American SLBMs. The W-88 with fresh tritium inside its pit may explode with a yield of 475 kilotons, but with no tritium inside the core it might explode with the force of just 20 kilotons. See the nuclear weapons archive to obtain more detailed information on fusion neutron boosting.


See also

  • Nuclear weapon design

S8 (Berlin)

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Central Nacional de Inteligencia

Central Nacional de Inteligencia (National Intelligence Center, CNI) was one of the many intelligence agencies of Argentina. It’s main mission was to permanently assist and coordinate the functions and operations of all the Argentine intelligence services.

The CNI did not have an official facility, but instead worked on the SIDE building in Buenos Aires. It had delegates from all the Federal Police, Military, Ministry of Foreign Relations, and Ministry of Economy intelligence services.

In 2001, it was merged into the reorganized Secretaría de Inteligencia, which is now the head and director of the National Intelligence System and does the CNI’s job.


See also

  • List of Secretaries of Intelligence
  • Argentine intelligence agencies
  • National Intelligence System
  • National Intelligence School
  • Directorate of Judicial Surveillance
  • National Directorate of Criminal Intelligence
  • National Directorate of Strategic Military Intelligence

Falling in love

“Falling in love” is a mainly Western term used to describe the process of moving from a feeling of neutrality towards someone to one of love. The usage of the term “fall” implies many things: that the process may have been in some way inevitable or uncontrollable, risky or putting the lover in a state of vulnerability, that the process is irreversible, or all of these things. The term is generally used to describe an (eventual) love that is strong, although not necessarily permanent.


Alberoni Theory

In his socio-psychological theory Francesco Alberoni states that falling in love is a process of the same nature as religious or political conversion.

People fall in love when they are ready to change, or to start a new life.

According to Alberoni, falling in love is a rapid process of destructuration-reorganization called the nascent state. In the nascent state, the individual becomes capable of merging with another person and creating a new collectivity with a very high degree of solidarity. Hence the definition: falling in love is the nascent state of a collective movement formed of two people only.

In order to understand if someone is truly in love, the individual must be put to truth tests and, in order to find out if he or she is loved in return, the beloved is also put to reciprocal tests. The incandescent process of the nascent state through these tests gives way to certainty and produces a stable love relationship. According to Alberoni, the phenomenology of falling in love is the same for young people and adults, for men and women and for homosexuals and heterosexuals: this is because the structure of the nascent state is always the same.

Unlike the theories consolidated by psychoanalysis, the sociologist does not consider falling in love as a regression, but instead sees it as launching oneself towards the future and change, and thus as fundamental to the formation of a couple in love.


See also

  • Limerence
  • Infatuation


References

  • Denis de Rougemont, Love in the Western World. Pantheon Books, 1956.
  • Francesco Alberoni, Falling in Love, New York, Random House, 1983

Baron Beaumont

The title of Baron Beaumont is an ancient one in the Peerage of England, created in 1309 for a younger part of the de Brienne-family. The sixth Baron Beaumont was created Viscount Beaumont (the first creation of this rank in England) in 1342; after the death of the 2nd Viscount both titles fell into abeyance. In 1840 the barony was restored for Miles Thomas Stapleton who became 8th Baron Beaumont. The 17th Duke of Norfolk gained the title by inheritance, so the title became a subsidiary title of the 17th Duke of Norfolk. However, as the title descends to “heirs of the body”, while the Dukedom of Norfolk descends to “heirs male”, the titles may eventually separate again, or the barony go in abeyance. The family seat was Carlton Towers, which has since passed into the possession of the Dukes of Norfolk.


Barons Beaumont (1309)

  • Henry de Beaumont, 1st Baron Beaumont, 4th Earl of Buchan (bef. 1305-1340)
  • John Beaumont, 2nd Baron Beaumont (aft. 1317-1342)
  • Henry Beaumont, 3rd Baron Beaumont (d. 1326)
  • John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont (1360 / 1361-1396)
  • Henry Beaumont, 5th Baron Beaumont (1379 / 1380-1413)
  • John Beaumont, 6th Baron Beaumont (round 1409-1460) became Viscount in 1432


Viscounts Beaumont (1432)

  • John Beaumont, 1st Viscount Beaumont, 6th Baron Beaumont (round 1409-1460)
  • William Beaumont, 2nd Viscount Beamont, 7th Baron Beaumont (bef. 1441-1507) (viscouncy extinct, barony abeyant)


Barons Beaumont (1309; reverted 1840)

  • Miles Thomas Stapleton, 8th Baron Beaumont (1805-1854) (abeyance terminated in 1840)
  • Henry Stapleton, 9th Baron Beaumont (1848-1892)
  • Miles Stapleton, 10th Baron Beaumont (1850-1895)
  • Mona Josephine Tempest Stapleton, 11th Baroness Beaumont (1894-1971)
  • Miles Francis Stapleton-Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk, 12th Baron Beaumont (1915-2002)

for further Barons: Duke of Norfolk


See also

  • Beaumont Herald Extraordinary


External links

  • Carlton Towers

Freak City

Freak City was a cable access show syndicated across America that featured electronic music from raves and clubs. The show was created by the now-defunct Arcade America recording label, which also put out the popular Trance Global Nation series as well as plenty of other electronic music.

http://remixmag.com/mag/remix_label_link_arcade/

www.arcadeamerica.com
No longer active

http://www.discogs.com/label/Arcade+America

GLEE

The OpenGL Easy Extension library (GLee) automatically links OpenGL extensions and core functions at initialisation time. This saves programmers the effort of manually linking every required extension, and effectively brings the OpenGL library up to date.

GLee is compatible with Windows, Linux and FreeBSD platforms. It is also likely to be compatible with other unix-like systems which use X Window.

GLee is distributed under the modified BSD license.


See also

  • GLEW - OpenGL Extension Wrangler Library


External links

  • http://elf-stone.com/glee.php