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Factor X, also known by the eponym Stuart-Prower factor or as thrombokinase, is an enzyme () of the coagulation cascade. It is a serine endopeptidase (protease group S1).

Physiology

Factor X is synthesized in the liver and requires vitamin K for its synthesis.

Factor X is activated into factor Xa by both factor IX (with its cofactor, factor VIII in a complex known as intrinsic Xase) and factor VII with its cofactor, tissue factor (a complex known as extrinsic Xase). It is therefore the first member of the final common pathway or thrombin pathway.

It acts by cleaving prothrombin in two places (an arg-thr and then an arg-ile bond), which yields the active thrombin. This process requires factor V as a cofactor.

Factor Xa is inactivated by protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI), a serine protease inhibitor (serpin). The affinity of this protein for factor Xa is increased 1000-fold by the presence of protein Z, while it does not require protein Z for inactivation of factor XI. Defects in protein Z lead to increased factor Xa activity and a propensity for thrombosis.

The half life of factor X is 40-45 hours.

Genetics

The human factor X gene is located on the thirteenth chromosome (13q34).

Role in disease

Inborn deficiency of factor X is very uncommon (1:500,000), and may present with epistaxis (nosebleeds), hemarthrosis (bleeding into joints) and gastrointestinal blood loss. Apart from congenital deficiency, low factor X levels may occur occasionally in a number of disease states.

Deficiency of vitamin K or antagonism by warfarin (or similar medication) leads to the production of an inactive factor X. In warfarin therapy, this is desirable to prevent thrombosis.

Therapeutic use

Factor X is not commercially available as a concentrate, but is part of fresh frozen plasma and prothrombin complex.

History

American and British scientists described deficiency of factor X independently in 1953 and 1956, respectively. As with some other coagulation factors, the factor was initially named after these patients, a Mr Rufus Stuart and a Miss Audrey Prower.

External links

• Factor X deficiency

The pāōā (often written as paoa, as the Tahitian is not punctilious about writing accents), is a modern dance from Tahiti where the dancers sit on their knees in a circle on the ground, sing and tap with their hands on their thighs on the rhythm of the music, which is a quite repetitive scanning refrain. Selected members, one boy, one girl, actually dance inside the circle. The whole scenario has something of a rooster fight (not common on Tahiti). Coincidentally the theme of the dance is usually from the hunt or from fishing.

References

• Patrick O’Reilly; La danse à Tahiti

Higashimurayama (東村山市; -shi) is a city located in Tokyo, Japan.

As of 2003, the city had an estimated population of 143,737 and the density of 8,371.40 persons per km². The total area is 17.17 km².

On April 1, 1889, with the establishment of the modern municipality system, several villages merged to form Higashimurayama Village (Higashimurayama-mura). On April 1, 1942, it became Higashimurayama Town (Higashimurayama-machi), and on April 1, 1964, it became a city. Hachikokuyama park is in Higashimurayama.

Transportation

Rail

East Japan Railway Company

• Train Lines:
  • Musashino Line
• Train Stations
  • Shin-Akitsu Station

Seibu Railway Company

• Train Lines:
  • Seibu Haijima Line, Seibu Ikebukuro Line, Seibu Kokubunji Line, Seibu Seibu-en Line, Seibu Shinjuku Line, Seibu Tamako Line, Seibu Yamaguchi Line
• Train Stations
  • Akitsu Station, Hagiyama Station, Higashimurayama Station, Kumegawa Station, Musashi Yamato Station, Seibu-en Station, Seibu Yuenchi Station, Yasaka Station

Facts about Higashimurayama

- Higashimurayama’s sister city is Independence, Missouri.

- Higashimurayama is home to the only building in Tokyo prefecture which is found on the national treasure list of Japan. A temple by the name of “Shofukuji” which is supposed to house 1000 Jizo Buddhist deities.

External links

• Higashimurayama official website in Japanese

MEDR or Maximum Engineering Data Rate is a term primarily used by telephone companies to refer to the maximum data throughput supportable over targeted copper wire.

MEDR is actually a theoretical measure of the amount of data throughput a line can handle, but does not necessarily refer to the amount of data available to the customer at the end of said copper wiring. The data throughput that can actually be presented to the end user is measured by AIDR or As Is Data Rate.

MEDR automatically assumes that the copper wiring in question is groomed to the best available capacity and needs no further work and is an optimistic estimate of what can be achieved over the wire.

The Caplio RX is a digital camera marketed to the public under the Ricoh brand. According to a Ricoh news release (as cited in the Digital Photography Review web page listed in the “References” section), the Caplio RX features the fastest shutter response time of any comparable camera in the world as of 4 March 2004, at 0.12 seconds.

See also

• List of Ricoh products

References

• Web page on Digital Photography Review, A

The Recovery Glacier is a glacier, at least 100 km (60 mi) long and 64 km (40 mi) wide at its mouth, flowing west along the southern side of the Shackleton Range in Antarctica. First seen from the air and examined from the ground by the CTAF in 1957, and so named because of the recovery of the expedition’s vehicles which repeatedly broke into bridged crevasses on this glacier during the early stages of the crossing of Antarctica.

See also

• List of glaciers

Line 10 of the Beijing Subway is an underground line which has been under construction since March 2004.

24.55 km in length, it starts off from Huoqiying in west Beijing and runs through northern Beijing, passing through Zhichunlu, the Olympic venues to the north of the city, before moving on to the eastern 3rd Ring Road and passing through the heartland of the Beijing CBD.

It will link with the projected Line 4, the Line 13, Line 5 and Line 1. It will also link with the Olympic branch line.

(October 5, 1949 -) — whose real name is also Takajin Yashiki, but written in kanji  — is a musician and television celebrity from Osaka in Kansai, Japan.

Many of his programs appear only on stations local to Kansai, such as the following.

• Analog Channel 4, Digital Channel 16[ID: 4], MBS (on the TBS network)
• Analog Channel 6, Digital Channel 15[ID: 6], ABC (on the TV Asahi network)
• Analog Channel 8, Digital Channel 17[ID: 8], Kansai TV (on the Fuji TV network)
• Analog Channel 10, Digital Channel 14[ID: 10], Yomiuri TV (on the NTV network)
• Analog Channel 19, Digital Channel 18[ID: 7], TV Osaka (on the TV Tokyo network)

He dislikes China very much, rarely appearing in Tokyo television programs, and particularly dislikes NHK, its end-of-year song contest program, , and the presenter Mino Monta.

Programs

• Takajin ONE MAN (, ending on September 18, 2007)
• Takajin Mune Ippai ()
• Takajin no Sokomade Itte Iinkai ()
• Muhaha no Takajin (Kansai TV)

Friends

• Kazuko Hosoki
• Zakoba Katsura

SLU may refer to:

• Spoken language understanding

Universities

• Saint Lawrence University, Canton, New York, United States
• Saint Leo University, Saint Leo, Florida, United States
• Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
• Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, United States
• The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet in the Swedish language), Uppsala, Sweden
• Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Republic of the Philippines

Places

• George F. L. Charles Airport (IATA code: SLU) (formerly Vigie Airport), in Castries, Saint Lucia
• Sigma Lambda Upsilon, a sorority
• Starting Lineups, a series of action figures
• Sustainable (or smart) land use

Telecoms

• Sub-Loop Unbundling, Method of sharing the access network among competing telco’s.

Incidental effect is a concept in European Union Law that links the indirect effect of EU directives to suits against individuals. While an individual cannot be sued for failure to comply with an EU directive, the state’s failure to comply can be an incidental factor in a suit against an individual.

The concept was defined by the European Court of Justice in Case C-194/94 CIA Security International SA v. Signalson SA and Securitel Sprl ([1996] ECR I-2201). CIA had attempted to market a burglar alarm in Belgium that was not compatible with Belgian technical specifications. However, the Belgian government had failed to report these specifications to the EU, as required by a directive in 1983. The court ruled that this constituted a substantial degradation of the effectiveness of the directive, which was intended to lower barriers to trade, and that the Belgian government’s breach of the directive made the Belgian law inapplicable to individuals.

This concept was especially important in the field of contracts. The Court of Justice stated that a substantial procedural defect in implementing a directive could nullify a national law in the context of a contract (Case C-443/98 Unilever Italia SpA v. Central Food SpA, [2000] ECR I-7535), and gave national courts the power to interpret such legal problems based on their own contract law (Case C-159/00 Sapod Audic v. Eco-Emballages SA, June 6, 2002).

See also: direct effect

In civil engineering, specified loads are the best estimate of the actual loads a structure is expected to carry. These loads come in many different forms, such as people, equipment, vehicles, wind, rain, snow, earthquakes, the building materials themselves, etc. In general, these loads can be divided into two major classes: live loads (loads which are not always present in the structure) and dead loads (loads which are permanent and immovable excepting redesign or renovation).

A good example of specified loads would be the following simplified floor to ceiling sandwich load table (based on the National Building Code of Canada standards):

Floor Finish (Terrazzo) per 10 mm thickness = 0.24 kN/m^2
Reinforced Concrete per 10 mm thickness = 0.24 kN/m^2
Mechanical Services = 0.35 kN/m^2
Electrical Services = 0.10 kN/m^2

Floor Area (110 mm thickness) = 8 m^2

Total Dead Load = (0.24 + 11*0.24 + 0.35 + 0.10)*8 = 26.64 kN

In order to design to these loads, one would need to convert them to design loads by applying Load factors or, more generally, a form of safety factors to them. In the case of limit states design, the resulting factored load is then called a Design load. Note that in this case of Limit states design, we would refer to the factor as a load factor rather than a safety factor in order to try and eliminate possible confusion between Limit states design and the older Allowable stress design.

A digital tuner is a tuning device that allows a television or radio set to receive signals via airwaves, satellite, or cable and translates them into a signal the device can display. A tuner is useful for receiving digital broadcasts over the air or via satellite and displaying it on a high definition television or standard definition television digital television set. Tuners are also used in radio receivers to tune in radio stations digitally (0.2 MHz increments for FM in the US, but less in other countries, thus most FM tuners use 0.1 MHz or 0.05 MHz increments), as opposed to analog dialing. Radio signals can also be received by digital radio tuners, which receive audio signals via satellite. A digital tuner could also refer to an ATSC tuner.Matthew Gast, “Digital TV without the Subscription”. 14 October, 2004.

See also

• ATSC tuner

References

Hockley railway station serves the village of Hockley in Essex, United Kingdom. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by ‘one’. It is situated on the line from Southend Victoria to London Liverpool Street.

See also

Hockley railway station that formerly served the community of Hockley - a suburb of Birmingham.

External link

• Rail Around Birmingham and the West Midlands: Hockley station

Egon Karlheinz Bahr (born March 18 1922 in Treffurt/Thüringen) is a German former politician for the SPD.

The former journalist created the “Ostpolitik” of West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, for whom he served as Secretary of the Prime Minister’s Office from 1969 until 1972. Between 1972 and 1990 he was an MP in the Bundestag of the Federal Republic of Germany, and from 1972 until 1976 was also a Minister.

The Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) is an international organization created by Canada, Mexico and the United States under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC). The CEC was established to address regional environmental concerns, help prevent potential trade and environmental conflicts, and to promote the effective enforcement of environmental law. The Agreement complements the environmental provisions of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

External links

• CEC.org

In a plasma, the Boltzmann relation connects the electron density n_e to the plasma potential φ_pl as follows:

n_e = n₀ exp(eφ_pl/k_BT_e)

The reference for the potential is taken to be a position where the electron density is n₀.

It can be derived in a particle view by equating the density of states to the physical density and applying the Boltzmann factor.

Alternatively, it can be derived from the fluid equation for the electrons by equating the force density due to the electron pressure gradient assuming isothermal electrons, <math>-k_BT_e\nabla n_e</math>, to the force density due to the electric field on the electron charge density, <math>n_ee\nabla\phi_{pl}</math>.

In many problems of plasma physics, it is not useful to calculate the electric potential on the basis of the Poisson equation because the electron and ion densities are not known a priori, and if they were, because of quasineutrality the net charge density is the small difference of two large quantities, the electron and ion charge densities. If the ion density is known and the assumptions hold sufficiently well, the electric potential can be calculated simply from the Boltzmann relation.

Discrepancies with the Boltzmann relation can occur, for example, when oscillations occur so fast that the electrons cannot find a new equilibrium (see e.g. plasma oscillations) or when the electrons are prevented from moving by a magnetic field (see e.g. lower hybrid oscillations).

Zinc telluride is the chemical compound with the formula ZnTe. This solid is an intrinsic semiconductor material with band gap of 2.23-2.25 eV. It is usually a P-type semiconductor. Its crystal structure is cubic, like that for sphalerite and diamond.

Applications

Its lattice constant is 0.61034 nm, allowing it to be grown with or on aluminium antimonide, gallium antimonide, indium arsenide, and lead selenide. It has the appearance of grey or brownish-red powder, or ruby-red crystals when refined by sublimation. Zinc telluride can be also prepared as hexagonal crystals. Irradiated by a strong optical beam burns in presence of oxygen.

Optoelectronics

Zinc telluride is important for development of various semiconductor devices, including blue LEDs, laser diodes, solar cells, and components of microwave generators.

It can be used for solar cells as a background layer and the P-type semiconductor in PIN structure (e.g. using cadmium telluride — N-type semiconductor, and cadmium sulphide — I-type semiconductor).

Zinc telluride together with lithium niobate is often used for generation of pulsed terahertz radiation in time-domain terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging. When a crystal of such material is subjected to a high-intensity light pulse of subpicosecond duration, it emits a pulse of terahertz frequency through a nonlinear optical process. Conversely, subjecting a zinc telluride crystal to terahertz radiation causes it to show optical birefringence and change the polarization of a transmitting light, making it a detector.

Electro-optics

Zinc telluride can be easily doped, and for this reason it is one of the more common semiconducting materials used in optoelectronics.

Vanadium-doped zinc telluride, “ZnTe:V,” is a non-linear optical photorefractive material of possible use in the protection of sensors at visible wavelengths. ZnTe:V optical limiters are light and compact, without complicated optics of conventional limiters. ZnTe:V can block a high-intensity jamming beam from a laser dazzler, while still passing the lower-intensity image of the observed scene. It can also be used in holographic interferometry, in reconfigurable optical interconnections, and in laser optical phase conjugation devices. It offers superior photorefractive performance at wavelengths between 600-1300 nm, in comparison with other III-V and II-VI compound semiconductors. By adding manganese as an additional dopant (ZnTe:V:Mn), its photorefractive yield can be significantly increased.

See also

• Zinc sulfide
• Zinc selenide
• Cadmium telluride
• Cadmium zinc telluride

External links

• National Compound Semiconductor Roadmap (Office of Naval research) - Accessed April 2006

User in a computing context refers to one who uses a computer system. Users may need to identify themselves for the purposes of accounting, security, logging and resource management. In order to identify oneself, a user has an account (a user account) and a username (also called a screen name, handle, nickname, or nick on some systems), and in most cases also a password (see below). Users employ the user interface to access systems, and the process of identification is often referred to as authentication.

Users are also widely characterized as the class of people that uses a system without complete technical expertise required to fully understand the system. In most hacker-related contexts, they are also called real users. See also End-user (computer science).

A computer user is similar to the user in telecommunications, but with slight semantic differences. The difference is comparable to the difference between end-users and consumers in economics.

For instance, one can be a user of (and have an account on) a computer system, a computer network or have an e-mail account.

Semantics

A user account allows one to authenticate to system services. It also generally provides one with the opportunity to be authorized to access them. However, authentication does not automatically imply authorization.
Once the user has logged on, the operating system will often use an identifier such as an integer to refer to them, rather than their username. On Unix systems this is called the user identifier or user id.

Computer systems are divided into two groups based on what kind of users they have:

• single-user systems do not have a concept of several user accounts
• multi-user systems have such a concept, and require users to identify themselves before using the system.

Compare

• Luser
• End-user (computer science)
• Stakeholder: a user is an operational stakeholder; many other stakeholders are not involved in operations
• Registered user
• Superuser

See also

• Nickname
• Password

References

A Project initiation document is a logical document whose purpose is to bring together the key information needed to start the project on a sound basis; and to convey that information to all concerned with the project. In short, this is the, “who, why, what, when and how”, part of the project. It defines all major aspects of a project and forms the basis for its management and the assessment of overall success.

A common part of formal project methodologies such as Prince2Prince 2: A Practical Handbook By Colin Bentley the document is a major milestone in the Starting Up (SU) a project process. It is the document that goes before the Project Board for sign- off to commence a project.

Often shortened to the acronym PID, the Project Initiation Document provides a reference point throughout the project for both the customer and the Project Team.

A Project Initiation Document often contains the followingWriting a Project Initiation Document

• Project Goals
• Scope
• Project Organization
• Business Case
• Constraints

References

See also

• Project planning
• PRINCE2

A superluminescent diode (SLD) is an edge-emitting semiconductor light source based on superluminescence. It combines the high power and brightness of laser diodes with the low coherence of ELED. Its emission band is 20-100 nm. The SLD was invented in 1986 by Gerard A. Alphonse.

External links

• Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology entry
• Short overview of device operation principles and performance parameters (PDF).
• Power Technology in depth look at Superluminescent Diodes and Applications.

MMR may stand for:

• The MMR vaccine, an immunization against measles, mumps and rubella.
• The Mesozoic Marine Revolution, the burst of evolution in the Mesozoic period caused by increased predation pressure.
• Modified Modified READ, a facsimile coding (READ stands for Relative Element Address Designate).
• Navy Reserve Merchant Marine Badge
• Master of Marketing Research, a specialized graduate business degree.
• WMMR, a rock radio station in Philadelphia.
• Metal Mind Records, a Polish record label.
• Maternal Mortality Ratio
  
• DNA mismatch repair, a genetic repair pathway.
• Meet-me-room, a place where networks providers offer interconnectivity to their backbones.
• MagnetoMetric Resistivity, a type of survey to find ore bodies.

Level 2 may refer to:

• A type of cache (Computer Memory)
• A NASDAQ price quotation service
• Level II, an album by Eru
• One of the levels in System Support. Level 1 could refer to the first line of support, Level 2 could refer to the level of support that requires more involvement from the support provider.
• Quiz (Level 2 of Kirkpatrick’s 4 levels of evaluation)

The Jeolla Line is a railway line serving North and South Jeolla Provinces in South Korea. The line is served by frequent passenger trains from Seoul (via the Gyeongbu and Honam Lines) to Yeosu. Major stations and junctions on the line include:

• Iksan (formerly known as Iri), junction with the Honam and Gunsan Lines;
• Dongsan, terminus of the Bukjeonju Line;
• Jeonju, capital of North Jeolla;
• Suncheon, junction with the Gyeongjeon Line;
• Deogyang, terminus of the Yeocheon Line; and
  
• Yeosu on the south coast.

See also

• Korail
• Transportation in South Korea
• List of Korea-related topics

High View is an unincorporated community in Hampshire County, West Virginia, USA. It is located south of Capon Bridge along West Virginia Route 259 on the Virginia line. High View is home to The Bhavana Society Forest Monastery and Retreat Center. According to the 2000 census, the High View community has a population of 791 [1].

Historic sites

• Timber Ridge Christian Church (1875), WV 259

External links

• The Bhavana Society Forest Monastery and Retreat Center

A public identifier is a document processing construct in SGML and XML.

In HTML and XML, a public identifier is meant to be universally unique within its application scope. It typically occurs in a Document Type Declaration.

A public identifier is meant to identify a document type that may span more than one application. A system identifier is meant for a document type that is used exclusively in one application.

In the following Document Type Declaration, the public identifier is -//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

The Australian 1st Aviation Regiment is an Australian Army aviation unit and part of the 16th (Aviation) Brigade. The Regiment was formed on 26 April 1966 as the 1st Division Army Aviation Regiment and was redesignated the 1st Aviation Regiment in March 1967. While the Regiment has historically operated a mix of fixed wing aircraft and helicopters, it is currently being re-equipped with the Tiger Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter and is in the process of re-locating to newly constructed facilities at Robertson Barracks in Darwin.

Current composition

• Regimental Headquarters
• Logistic Support Squadron
• Technical Support Squadron(?)
• 161st Squadron (converting to Tiger ARH)
• 162nd Squadron (converting to Tiger ARH)

Source: Australian Army Aviation Association website

The distortion power factor is used in power electronics to describe how a load’s harmonic distortion of the current decreases the average power transferred to the load. Distortion power factor is an important factor in the calculation of true power factor, which describes the decrease in average power transferred due to harmonics and to phase shift between voltage and current.

<math>

\mbox{distortion power factor} = {1 \over \sqrt{ 1 + \mbox{THD}_i^2}} = {I_{\mbox{1,rms}} \over I_{\mbox{rms}}}
</math>

<math>\mbox{THD}_i</math> is the total harmonic distortion of the load current. This definition assumes that the voltage stay undistorted (sinusoidal, without harmonics). This simplification is often a good approximation in practice. <math>I_{1,\mbox{rms}}</math> is the fundamental component of the current and <math>I_{\mbox{rms}}</math> is the total current - both are root mean square-values.

The result when multiplied with the displacement power factor (DPF) is the true power factor or just power factor (PF):

<math>

\mbox{PF} = \mbox{DPF} {I_{\mbox{1,rms}} \over I_{\mbox{rms}}}
</math>

See also

• Power factor

External links

• Harmonics and how they relate to power factor
• Power and RMS Values of Fourier Series

Transcription may refer to:

• Transcription (linguistics), the conversion of spoken words into written language. Also the conversion of handwriting, or a photograph of text into pure text
• Transcription (genetics), the process of copying DNA to RNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase (RNAP)
• Transcription (music), either notating an unnotated piece, common in ethnomusicology, or rewriting a piece, either simply recopying (as for clarity), or as an arrangement for another instrument
• Medical transcription, documentation of patients medical records
• Piano transcription, a piece of music played on one or more pianos that is an approximation of a source piece of music
• in computer speech recognition, transcription is the process of having a speech recognition system/software listen to prerecorded voice and then make it insert the recognizable words into a document for later correction

See also

• Transcript

Factor prices are the prices that the factors of production of a finished item attract.

There has been some economic debate as to what determines these prices. Classical and Marxist economists argued that the factor prices decided the value of a product and so value was intrinsic within the product. For this reason, the term ‘natural price’ is often instead used.

Marginalist economists argue that the price of factors is a function of the demand of the final product, and so they are imputed from the finished product. The theory of imputation was first expounded by the Austrian economist Friedrich von Wieser.

The New Zealand Automobile Association or AA is a mutual organisation that provides road service and related services to its members. Its head office is located in Auckland.

Services provided by the AA include roadside service, vehicle inspections, touring products and a discount or loyalty program known as AA Rewards. The AA Rewards program is the sponsor of the country’s amateur domestic rugby competition, the Heartland Championship.

The AA is a member of the Alliance Internationale de Tourisme though which its members can receive reciprocal road service in a number of companies across the world.

The AA provides insurance to its members though AA Insurance, an insurance brand operated as a joint venture with the Promina Group. Prior to 1994, the AA promoted AMI Insurance to its members.

External links

• AA Website

Transparent Distributed Processing, or TDP, is the name that the QNX operating system uses to refer to its network distributed architecture. Since QNX is a microkernel it is inherently network distributable, so TDP actually boils down to a protocol module that plugs in to the QNX networking stack. This protocol module (known as qnet) links the microkernels across the network together, so that operating system services are accessed using exactly the same mechanism without regard to the computer node on which they reside.

TDP is covered by U.S. Patent 5,745,759

Methods engineering is a sub specialty of Industrial engineering concerned with the integration of the human being into a productive process.Methods Engineering Reference book Alternatively it can be described as the design of the productive process in which a person is involved. The task of deciding where that person will be used in the process of converting raw materials to finished products and deciding how that person can most effectively perform the tasks assigned.Methods Engineering Reference book
Work Design & Measurement, IE Terminology, 2000 Revised Edition

See also

• Work design
• Motion analysis
• Method study

Reference

.mc is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Monaco.

Second-level domains

Registrations are made directly at the second level, or under these names:

• .tm.mc: registered trademarks (registered in Monaco or internationally with WIPO
• .asso.mc: associations (must be chartered in Monaco)

Second-level registrations require a company registration in Monaco.

External links

• IANA .mc whois information
• .mc domain registration website

Osgoldcross Rural District was a rural district in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was created in 1938, from 19 remaining parishes of the disbanded Pontefract Rural District after three-quarters (but only a small fraction of the area) of its population had been transferred to surrounding authorities - specifically to Castleford (which took 14,145 of the 23,981 in the district in 1931), Knottingley, and Pontefract.

It was named after the Wapentake of Osgoldcross and administered from Pontefract.

Since April 1, 1974 it has formed part of the District of Selby and the City of Wakefield.

At the time of its dissolution it consisted of the following 19 civil parishes.

• Balne
• Beal
• Birkin
• Brotherton
• Burton Salmon
• Bryam-cum-Sutton
• Cridling Stubbs
• Darrington
• East Hardwick
• Eggborough
• Fairburn
• Heck
• Hensall
• Hillam
• Kellington
• Monk Fryston
• Stapleton
• Whitley
• Wormersley

All but Darrington and East Hardwick went to Selby district.

References

• http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10074319&c_id=10001043

In botanical nomenclature, a valid name is a name that meets the requirements in the ICBN for valid publication. Valid publication of a name represents the minimum requirements for a botanical name to exist: therefore a botanical name inescapably is always valid. If a name is not validly published then it is not a botanical name. Thus an “invalid name” is not a botanical name: as far as the ICBN is concerned an invalid name has the same status as a common name, a vernacular name, etc. That is: it has no status.

Nevertheless invalid names are somewhat in use, this may occur when a taxonomists finds and recognises a taxon and thinks of a name, but delays in publishing this in an adequate manner. A common reason for this is that a taxonomist intends to write a magnum opus that provides an overview of the group he is working on, rather than a series of small papers. In practice this causes problems.

See also <h4>

• valid name (zoology)

Electronic Engineering Times is a weekly magazine of the electronic industry published in the USA by CMP Media LLC.

While it has a subscription cost, it is free for qualified engineers and managers of the industry. It is also available online.

The EE Times hosts news, columns, and featured articles for semiconductor manufacturing, communications, electronic design automation, electronic engineering, technology, and products.

External link

• eeTimes home

Environmental scanning is a concept from business management by which businesses gather information from the environment, to better achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. To sustain competitive advantage the company must also respond to the information gathered from environmental scanning by altering its strategies and plans when the need arises.

Methods

There are three ways of scanning the business environment:

• Continuous scanning - (also called continuous learning) - continuous structured factors

Most commentators feel that in today’s turbulent business environment the best scanning method available is continuous scanning.This allows the firm to act quickly, take advantage of opportunities before competitors do, and respond to environmental threats before significant damage is done.

The Macroenvironment

Environmental scanning usually refers just to the macroenvironment, but it can also include industry and competitor analysis, consumer analysis, product innovations, and the company’s internal environment. Macroenvironmental scanning involves analysing:

• The Economy
  • GNP or GDP per capita
  • economic growth
  • unemployment rate
  • inflation rate
  • consumer and investor confidence
  • inventory levels
  • currency exchange rates
  • merchandise trade balance
  • financial and political health of trading partners
  • balance of payments
  • future trends
• Government
  • political climate - amount of government activity
  • political stability and risk
  • government debt
  • budget deficit or surplus
  • corporate and personal tax rates
  • payroll taxes
  • import tariffs and quotas
  • export restrictions
  • restrictions on international financial flows
• Legal
  • minimum wage laws
  • environmental protection laws
  • worker safety laws
  • union laws
  • copyright and patent laws
  • anti- monopoly laws
  • Sunday closing laws
  • municipal licences
  • laws that favour business investment
• Technology
  • efficiency of infrastructure, including: roads, ports, airports, rolling stock, hospitals, education, healthcare, communication, etc.
  • industrial productivity
  • new manufacturing processes
  • new products and services of competitors
  • new products and services of supply chain partners
  • any new technology that could impact the company
  • cost and accessibility of electrical power
• Ecology
  • ecological concerns that affect the firms production processes
  • ecological concerns that affect customers’ buying habits
  • ecological concerns that affect customers’ perception of the company or product
• Socio-Cultural
  • demographic factors such as:
    • population size and distribution
    • age distribution
    • education levels
    • income levels
    • ethnic origins
    • religious affiliations
  • attitudes towards:
    • materialism, capitalism, free enterprise
    • individualism, role of family, role of government, collectivism
    • role of church and religion
    • consumerism
    • environmentalism
    • importance of work, pride of accomplishment
  • cultural structures including:
    • diet and nutrition
    • housing conditions
• Potential Suppliers
  • Labour supply
    • quantity of labour available
    • quality of labour available
    • stability of labour supply
    • wage expectations
    • employee turn-over rate
    • strikes and labour relations
    • educational facilities
  • Material suppliers
    • quality, quantity, price, and stability of material inputs
    • delivery delays
    • proximity of bulky or heavy material inputs
    • level of competition among suppliers
  • Service Providers
    • quantity, quality, price, and stability of service facilitators
    • special requirements
• Stakeholders
  • Lobbyists
  • Shareholders
  • Employees
  • Partners

Scanning these macroenvironmental variables for threats and opportunities requires that each issue be rated on two dimensions. It must be rated on its potential impact on the company, and rated on its likeliness of occurrence. Multiplying the potential impact parameter by the likeliness of occurrence parameter gives us a good indication of its importance to the firm.

Responses

When an issue is detected, there are generally six ways of responding to them:

• opposition strategy - try to influence the environmental forces so as to negate their impact - this is only successful where you have some control over the environmental variable in question
• adaptation strategy - adapt your marketing plan to the new environmental conditions
• offensive strategy - try to turn the new influence into an advantage - quick response can give you a competitive advantage
• redeployment strategy - redeploy your assets into another industry
• contingency strategies - determine a broad range of possible reactions - find substitutes
• passive strategy - no response - study the situation further

How do we then analyse a retail business using this strategy?

See also

• Marketing
• Marketing management
• Strategic Toolkit
• Industry or market research
• Marketing research
• PEST analysis
• Porter 5 forces analysis
• Prometheus Process
• Marketing plan
• SWOT Analysis
• Competitor analysis
• Environmental analysis
• List of marketing topics
• List of management topics
• List of economics topics
• List of accounting topics
• List of finance topics
• List of economists

TclX extends the Tcl programming language by providing new operating system interface commands, extended file control, scanning and status commands and many others. Much of TclX has been incorporated into Tcl.

TclX was developed by Karl Lehenbauer and Mark Diekhans.

External links

• http://sourceforge.net/projects/tclx

Average fixed cost (AFC) is an economics term to describe the total fixed costs (TFC) divided by the number of units produced.
<math>\left ( \frac{TFC}{Q} \right ) = AFC</math>; TFC = total fixed cost, Q = quantity of units produced

Average variable cost plus average fixed cost equals average total cost.

See also

• Variable cost

Envolution is a content management system that began as a fork of PostNuke.

Creation

Envolution created and developed a smarty based templating engine named “Encompass”. Emcompass was later combined with “envRender”, another Envolution-developed work.

Envolution Software

The Envolution Project formally disbanded as a community project in 2003. Afterwards, the group became the Envolution Software business entity. Envolution Software serves as a holding company for various other projects and products.

External links

• Envolution Website

A eurodistrict is a European administrative entity that contains urban agglomerations which lie across the border between two or more states. A eurodistrict offers a program for cooperation and integration of the towns or communes which it comprises: for example, improving transport links for people who live and work on different sides of the border. Furthermore, it confers a trans-national regional identity and represents European integration.

The first Eurodistricts created or currently undergoing creation are:

• Strasbourg-Kehl-Offenburg, known as the Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict.
• The Freiburg-Alsace Eurodistrict
• Lille-Kortrijk
• Saar-Moselle
• Basel-Lörrach-St. Louis-Weil am Rhein

They may be established:

• by a simple agreement about common projects in the area;
• in a more institutionalised manner by a local association for transfrontier or cross-border cooperation (in French: groupement local de coopération transfrontalière or GLCT), which can draw up plans for transfrontier cooperation between towns or communes; or
• with an even greater degree of institutionalisation, perhaps including structures allowing a transfer of power and elected by all district citizens. This has constitutional implications for the individual countries involved, which have to be taken into account when drawing up agreements.

Note that transfrontier cooperation methods between regions known as euroregions exist in parallel to eurodistricts, which are generally urban. Furthermore, a eurodistrict can be located within a euroregion and even have certain connections with it.

The term eurodistrict is quite new and has not been defined by organisations like the Council of Europe or the European Union.

See also

• Franco-German cooperation
• Euroregion

External links

• Council of Europe document on Transfrontier Cooperation (October 2005)

In econometrics a dynamic factor (also known as a diffusion index) is a series which measures the co-movement of many time series. It is used in macroeconomic models.

Formally

<math> X_{t}=\Lambda_{t}F_{t}+e_{t},</math>

where <math>F_{t}=(f^{\top}_{t},\dots,f^{\top}_{t-q})</math> is the vector of lagged factors of the variables in the <math>T \times N</math> matrix <math>X_{t}</math> (T is the number of observations and N is the number of variables),<math>\Lambda_{t}</math> are the factor loadings, and <math>e_{t}</math> is the factor error.

Literature

• Forni, Mario & Lippi, Marco, 2001. The Generalized Dynamic Factor Model: Representation Theory, Econometric Theory, vol. 17(6), pages 1113-41.
• Stock, James H & Watson, Mark W, 2002. Macroeconomic Forecasting Using Diffusion Indexes, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, vol. 20(2), pages 147-62.

Ricco’s Law explains the visual relationship between a target area and target contrast required for detection. It is shown below

<math>log (Contrast) = K - log(Area) </math>

Ricco’s Law is applicable for regions where the target being detected is unresolved. This region is variable based on the amount of background luminance. Ricco’s Law is based on the fact that the ‘Signal’ of the target being detected is proportional to the threshold contrast multiplied by the area. Therefore, the contrast threshold required for detection is proportional to the signal to noise ratio multiplied by the noise divided by the area. This leads to the above equation.

See Also

• Spatial Summation

In geometry, the decagonal antiprism is the eighth in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps.

If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.

See also

• Set of antiprisms

External links

• Virtual Reality Polyhedra www.georgehart.com: The Encyclopedia of Polyhedra
  • VRML model
  • Conway Notation for Polyhedra Try: “A10″

A kilogram-force per square centimeter (kgf/cm²), often just kilogram per square centimeter (kg/cm²), is a unit of pressure using metric units. Its use is now deprecated; it is not a part of the International System of Units (SI), the modern metric system. The unit is similar to the English unit psi (lbf/in²).

In SI units, the unit is converted to the SI derived unit pascal (Pa), which is defined as one newton per square meter (N/m²). A newton is equal to a kg·m/s², and a kilogram-force is 9.80665 newtons, meaning that 1 kgf/cm² equals 98.0665 kilopascals.

In some older publications, kilogram-force per square centimeter is abbreviated ksc instead of kg/cm².

See also

• Technical atmosphere, another name for this unit

Still, kg/cm² remains active as a measurement of force primarily due to older torque measurement devices still in use.

A CTQ Tree (Critical to Quality Tree) is used to decompose broad customer requirements into more easily quantified requirements. CTQ Trees are often used in the Six Sigma methodology.

Creating a CTQ Tree

A CTQ tree decomposes a general, hard to measure requirement on the left, through several steps, into more specific, easy to measure variables on the right. It can be a simple, useful tool when the customer requirements are unspecified, broad, or difficult to measure. Sometimes this decomposition can be via mathematically combinable numbers (profit decomposed into price and cost), but sometimes the variables cannot be directly combined mathematically (customer service decomposed into short wait and friendly staff). A CTQ tree is a quick tool generally used near the beginning of a project, with a focus of discovering measurable critical-to-quality requirements, and not fully exploring the causes that influence those measures. It should not be confused with the Cause-and-Effects diagram, sometimes referred to as the fishbone or Ishikawa diagram.

See also

• Six Sigma

References

• Rath & Strong Management Consultants, Six Sigma Pocket Guide, p. 18. ISBN 0-9705079-0-9
• George, Michael L., Lean Six Sigma, p. 111. ISBN 0-07-138521-5
• iSixSigma.com “Turning Customer Data into Critical to Satisfaction Data”

In physics, the Standard Model of particle physics is currently the best description of all experimental data.
Nevertheless, there are reasons to believe that there are phenomena that are not accurately described by this theory and
“Beyond the Standard Model” physics studies possible extensions to the Standard Model that will be probed in
up-coming experiments.

There are several areas where beyond the Standard Model physics focuses.

• The hierarchy problem
• dark matter
• The cosmological constant problem
• The strong CP problem

In addition to these subjects, there are also attempts at relating different phenomena and parameters to a more
fundamental theory. A partial classification of these attempts are

• gauge coupling unification
• A theory of quark masses and mixings
• A theory of neutrino masses and mixings

References

External links

The sthène is the unit of force in the metre-tonne-second system of units (mts), invented in France and used in the Soviet Union 1933-1955. The symbol is sn. It is also used measurement in thrust.

1 sn 

= 1 t·m/s²

= 1000 kg·m/s² = 10³ N = 1 kN

RTR can mean several things:

• RTR can refer to Rooftop-Retreat http://uepc014.ee.qub.ac.uk/rtr
• RTRFM RTR FM, an Australian radio station
• Royal Tank Regiment, the British Army Tank Corps
• Radio e Television Rumantscha - Rhaeto-Roman Radio and Television
• RTR is an acronym for Ready to run used in several fields:
  • RTR software refers to plug and play software
  • RTR models refers to pre-assembled items ready to run straight out of the box unlike a kit.
• Rossijskoe Teleradio - All Russian State Radio and Television
  • RTR can refer to Russia TV Channel
  • RTR-Planeta is a Russian satellite television channel
• RTR acronym “Really, that’s wrong”
• RTR can refer to Run-Time Reconfigurable logic
• RTR can refer to the mod of computer game Rome Total War, Rome Total Realism
• RTR can also refer to the Russian Tea Room, a New York City restaurant famous for its caviar.
• RTR can refer to ROLL TIDE ROLL, the rallying cry for the University of ALABAMA’s athletic teams, also known as the Crimson Tide.

In the Java programming language a resource is a piece of data that can be accessed by the code of an application.
An application can access its resources through Uniform Resource Locators, like web resources, but the
resources are usually contained within the JAR file(s) of the application.

A resource bundle is a set of key and value pairs, stored as a resource, that is commonly used to allow the localization of an application. For this purpose different resource bundles with a
common set of keys are used to store translations for the messages and user interface texts of an application.

References

Bella Vista Ambulance Services is a non-profit corporation providing Emergency Medical Services in Bella Vista, Arkansas since 1977. It has a office located at 652 Lancashire Blvd., Bella Vista. In 2004, the Bella Vista Fire Department received 1,403 medical calls.

See also

• Bella Vista Fire Department

References

• Bella Vista Ambulance Services Finds New Office – The Morning News
• Ambulance Service Accepting New Members – Bella Vista Property Owners Association

The Allee effect is a phenomenon in biology characterized by a positive correlation between population density and the per capita growth rate.

Description

The Allee effect was first written on extensively by its namesake Warder Clyde Allee. The general idea is that for smaller populations, the reproduction and survival of individuals decrease. This effect usually saturates or disappears as populations get larger.

Causes

The effect may be due to any number of causes. In some species, reproduction—finding a mate in particular—may be increasingly difficult as the population density decreases. Other species may use strategies (such as schooling in fish) that are more effective for larger populations.

Strong vs Weak Allee effect

A distinction is made between a strong Allee effect, in which there is a population size or density called the critical size/density below which the population declines on average and above which it increases on average, and a weak Allee effect in which there is no critical density, although there is acceleration in population size at small densities.

References

• Underpopulation (Allee) effects
• Allee Effect
• Oxford Evolutionary Biology - What is the Allee effect?

The Oldenburg is a breed of horse originating in Germany. They are most popular for use today in the sports of dressage and show jumping.

The History

The Oldenburg was first bred in Lower Saxony, Germany. The foundations were first laid by Count Johan von Oldenburg in the late 16th century. He bred Friesian mares with Danish, Turkish, Neopolitan, and Andalusian stallions to produce large war horses. His son, Count Anton, travelled Europe and brought home the finest Spanish and Italian stallions, to add speed and strength. His tenant farmers were also allowed to breed from his stallions, establishing the tradition of small, private studs that is still common with the breeders in that region today.

In the 17th century, the Oldenburg became a well-known coach horse, admired for its height, power, and elegance. It was also used as a riding horse. In the 18th century, Thoroughbred blood was added to refine the breed. In 1820, it became illegal to use any but a government-approved stallion for breeding, but it wasn’t until1861, that the Oldenburg stud book was established. In 1897, Oldenburg breeders brought Thoroughbreds, Cleveland Bays, Yorkshire Coach Horses, Normans, and some Hanoverians to further improve the breed.

In the earlier part of the 20th century, the Oldenburg was still being used as a high-stepping coach horse, as well as on farms. But as machinery replaced horse power, the stud owners decided to breed for an all-around riding horse. In the 1950s, the Thoroughbred Lupus and the Anglo-Norman Condor founded a new Oldenburg stallion line, which produced heavy but elegant mares. From that point, only the finest of European livestock have contributed to the breed. Thoroughbreds were used first to refine the Oldenburg, then Trakehners, Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Arabians, Selle Francais, Hanoverians, and Westphalians. The resulting horse is an excellent sport horse that is more refined than its predecessors.

The Oldenburg Today

The Oldenburg has been especially successful in the dressage arena. Famous dressage horses include Donnerhall and Gestion Bonfire, as well as Relevant.

Registry

To be approved for breeding, a stallion must be certified by a licensing commission from the Oldenburg breed society. Several hundred horses are inspected at the age of 2.5, and the best 75-85 horses are then placed through a 3-day test, judged on their conformation and type. On the final day, the best of this smaller group are then chosen to be graded, with the most excellent earning the title of “Premium Stallion.”

The graded horses are then taken to a 100-day testing, which judges the stallions on performance. This includes temperament, rideability, jumping ability, endurance, speed, and movement. Poor performance will prevent the horse from being approved for the final breeding stock status.

Mares must also be inspected for breeding purposes, being placed in one of (4) Mare Books. Inspection is inhand, on the triangle first at trot then at walk. Overall scores plus pedigree requirements dictate which book the mares will enter into.

Foals are inspected as sucklings or weanlings for foal papers, their original pink papers which verify parentage and breeding.

The Oldenburg Verband (Oldenburg Horse Breeders Society) is the original registry for Oldenburger horses world wide.

Breed Characteristics

The Oldenburg have a range of types within the breed. But all Oldenburg stock are chosen for their athletic ability, calm temperament, and strength. They are breed specifically for use as sport horses, and excel both in show jumping and in the dressage arena. The horses have several characteristics that are found in most of the world’s sport horses of today: a sloping shoulder, long neck, and strong hindquarters. The breed comes in a variety of colors, although bay, black, and brown are the most common. The horses are usually 16.1-17.2 hands high, and are generally very trainable. They are not noted for speed, and have high knee-action from their carriage-horse days, but this does not detract from their abilities as a showjumper.

External links

• Oldenburg Verband
• Oldenburg Verband-North America
• Oldenburg Resistry of North America
• Alt-Oldenburger Verband

(Yudit is an alternative spelling of Gudit, a Felasha queen who sacked the Ethiopian imperial capitol of Axum around the year 960 AD.)

Yudit is a unicode text editor for the X Window System. It was first released on 1997-11-08. It can do TrueType font rendering, printing, transliterated keyboard input and handwriting recognition with no dependencies on external engines. Its conversion utilities can convert text between various encodings. Keyboard input maps can also act like text converters. There is no need for a pre-installed multi-lingual environment. Menus are translated into multiple languages.

The author of Yudit is Gáspár Sinai, a Hungarian programmer, living and working in Japan.

See also

• List of text editors
• Comparison of text editors

External links

• Yudit homepage

A zygapophysis is a process which sticks out of an end of a vertebra to lock with a zygapophysis on the next vertebra, to make the backbone more stable.

Each typical vertebra has 4 of them: two front (prezygapophysis) and two back (postzygapophysis), two left and two right. Its plural is “zygapophyses”.

Its origin is Greek ζυγον = “yoke” (because it links two vertebrae) + απο = “away” + φυσις = “process”.

See also

• Zygapophysial joint

External links

American Standard may refer to:

• American Standard, a brand of American Standard Companies Inc.
• American Standard, an album by the post-grunge rock band Seven Mary Three.
• The American Standard, a book by Blane Covert.
• The American Standard Version (ASV) of the Bible.

A turnaround document is a document that has been output from a computer, some extra information added to it, and then returned to become an input document. For example, meter cards are produced for collecting readings from gas meters, photocopiers, water meters etc. These are filled in by the customer and then returned to the company for scanning using ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition) so that the system can produce the bills for the customer.

• UM System Wide VPA for Document Imaging Software with Perceptive Scanner hardware for use with ImageNow is also available from Perceptive Software, Inc. Specific model choices should be made after initial planning and
• Case Study On Document Imaging Software Manufacturers Software September 2004 - (Free Research) Data entry often contributes the largest cost component for document imaging systems. The costs can be classified in the