Document scanning software info

Factor X, also known by the eponym Stuart-Prower factor or as thrombokinase, is an enzyme () of the coagulation cascade. It is a serine endopeptidase (protease group S1).

Physiology

Factor X is synthesized in the liver and requires vitamin K for its synthesis.

Factor X is activated into factor Xa by both factor IX (with its cofactor, factor VIII in a complex known as intrinsic Xase) and factor VII with its cofactor, tissue factor (a complex known as extrinsic Xase). It is therefore the first member of the final common pathway or thrombin pathway.

It acts by cleaving prothrombin in two places (an arg-thr and then an arg-ile bond), which yields the active thrombin. This process requires factor V as a cofactor.

Factor Xa is inactivated by protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI), a serine protease inhibitor (serpin). The affinity of this protein for factor Xa is increased 1000-fold by the presence of protein Z, while it does not require protein Z for inactivation of factor XI. Defects in protein Z lead to increased factor Xa activity and a propensity for thrombosis.

The half life of factor X is 40-45 hours.

Genetics

The human factor X gene is located on the thirteenth chromosome (13q34).

Role in disease

Inborn deficiency of factor X is very uncommon (1:500,000), and may present with epistaxis (nosebleeds), hemarthrosis (bleeding into joints) and gastrointestinal blood loss. Apart from congenital deficiency, low factor X levels may occur occasionally in a number of disease states.

Deficiency of vitamin K or antagonism by warfarin (or similar medication) leads to the production of an inactive factor X. In warfarin therapy, this is desirable to prevent thrombosis.

Therapeutic use

Factor X is not commercially available as a concentrate, but is part of fresh frozen plasma and prothrombin complex.

History

American and British scientists described deficiency of factor X independently in 1953 and 1956, respectively. As with some other coagulation factors, the factor was initially named after these patients, a Mr Rufus Stuart and a Miss Audrey Prower.

External links

• Factor X deficiency

The Caplio RX is a digital camera marketed to the public under the Ricoh brand. According to a Ricoh news release (as cited in the Digital Photography Review web page listed in the “References” section), the Caplio RX features the fastest shutter response time of any comparable camera in the world as of 4 March 2004, at 0.12 seconds.

See also

• List of Ricoh products

References

• Web page on Digital Photography Review, A

ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) is a member of the ADP ribosylation factor family of GTP-binding proteins. ARF6 has a variety of cellular functions that are frequently involved in trafficking of biological membranes and transmembrane protein cargo. ARF6 has specifically been implicated in endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins and also, to a lesser extent, plasma membrane protein recycling.

ARF6 can interact with ßarrestin upon receptor activation.

External links

This article is about the colonial currency, for the actress Virginia Pound, see Adrian Booth.

The pound was the currency of Virginia until 1793. Initially, the British pound circulated along with foreign currencies, supplemented from 1755 by local paper money. Although these notes were denominated in pounds, shillings and pence, they were worth less than sterling, with 1 Virginia shilling = 9 pence.

The State of Virginia issued Continental currency denominated in £sd and Spanish dollars, with 1 dollar = 6 shillings. The continental currency was replaced by the U.S. dollar at a rate of 1000 continental dollars = 1 U.S. dollar.

Line 10 of the Beijing Subway is an underground line which has been under construction since March 2004.

24.55 km in length, it starts off from Huoqiying in west Beijing and runs through northern Beijing, passing through Zhichunlu, the Olympic venues to the north of the city, before moving on to the eastern 3rd Ring Road and passing through the heartland of the Beijing CBD.

It will link with the projected Line 4, the Line 13, Line 5 and Line 1. It will also link with the Olympic branch line.

Generally, Security modes refer to information systems security modes of operations used in mandatory access control (MAC) systems. Often, these systems contain information at various levels of security classification. The mode of operation is determined by:

• The type of users who will be directly or indirectly accessing the system.
• The type of data, including classification levels, compartments, and categories, that are processed on the system.
• The type of levels of users, their need to know, and formal access approvals that the users will have.

Dedicated security mode

In this mode of operation, all users must have:

• Signed NDA for ALL information on the system.
• Proper clearance for ALL information on the system.
• Formal access approval for ALL information on the system.
• A valid need to know for ALL information on the system.

All users can access ALL data.

System high security mode

In this mode of operation, all users must have:

• Signed NDA for ALL information on the system.
• Proper clearance for ALL information on the system.
• Formal access approval for ALL information on the system.
• A valid need to know for SOME information on the system.

All users can access SOME data, based on their need to know.

Compartmented security mode

In this mode of operation, all users must have:

• Signed NDA for ALL information on the system.
• Proper clearance for ALL information on the system.
• Formal access approval for SOME information they will access on the system.
• A valid need to know for SOME information on the system.

All users can access SOME data, based on their need to know and formal access approval.

Multilevel security mode

In this mode of operation, all users must have:

• Signed NDA for ALL information on the system.
• Proper clearance for SOME information on the system.
• Formal access approval for SOME information on the system.
• A valid need to know for SOME information on the system.

All users can access SOME data, based on their need to know, clearance and formal access approval.

See also

• Access control
• Multifactor authentication
• Bell-La Padula security model
• Biba model
• Clark-Wilson model
• Discretionary access control (DAC)
• Graham-Denning model
• Multilevel security (MLS)
• Mandatory access control (MAC)
• Security
• Security engineering
• Take-Grant model

References

• Krutz, Ronald L. and Vines, Russell Dean, The CISSP Prep Guide; Gold Edition, Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, 2003.

External Links

• Security Models: Guide to CISSP, Information Security Certification

Grange railway station is the terminal railway station on the Grange railway line which is located in the western Adelaide suburb of Grange. It is located 13km by railway from the Adelaide Railway Station.

The current location of Grange railway station, on the eastern side of Military Road, dates from the late 80s/early 90s. Previously the station was located on the western side of Military Road. The station was moved to allow traffic to flow along Military Road uninterupted by the arrival of trains.

Adjacent Stations

See also

• List of Adelaide railway stations
• List of closed Adelaide railway stations
• TransAdelaide
• List of suburban and commuter rail systems
• Railways in Adelaide
• Rail transport in South Australia

In graphical user interfaces, a single document interface or SDI is a method of organizing graphical user interface applications into individual windows that the operating system’s window manager handles separately. A window does not have a “background” or “parent” window containing its menu or toolbar; instead, each window contains its own menu or toolbar. Applications which allow the editing of more than one document at a time, e.g. word processors, may therefore give the user the impression that more than one instance of an application is open.

Often, each window displays as an individual entry in the operating system’s task bar or manager. Some task managers summarize windows of the same application. For example, Mac OS X uses a feature called Exposé which allows the user to temporarily see all windows belonging to a particular application.

See also

• Multiple document interface
• Tabbed document interface
• Single page application
• IDE-style interface

Hockley railway station serves the village of Hockley in Essex, United Kingdom. The station, and all trains serving it, are operated by ‘one’. It is situated on the line from Southend Victoria to London Liverpool Street.

See also

Hockley railway station that formerly served the community of Hockley - a suburb of Birmingham.

External link

• Rail Around Birmingham and the West Midlands: Hockley station

A Markov additive process (MAP) <math>\{(X(t),J(t)) : t \geq 0 \}</math> is a bivariate Markov process whose transition probability measure is translation invariant in the additive component <math>X(t)</math>.

Çinlar uses the unique structure of the MAP to prove that, given a gamma process with a shape parameter that is a function of Brownian motion, the resulting lifetime is distributed according to the Weibull distribution.

Kharoufeh presents a compact transform expression for the failure distribution for wear processes of a component degrading according to a Markovian environment inducing state-dependent continuous linear wear by using the properties of a MAP and assuming the wear process to be temporally homogeneous and that the environmental process has a finite state space.

The sound energy density level gives the ratio of a sound incidence as a sound energy value in comparison to a reference level of 0 dB (DIN 45630). It is a logarithmic measure of the ratio of two sound energy densities.

Definition

The sound energy density level L_E is:

<math>

L(E)=10\, \log_{10}\left(\frac{E_1}{E_0}\right){\rm dB}
</math>

where E₁ and E₀ are the energy densities. The unit of the sound energy density level is the decibel (dB).

If E₀ is the standard reference sound energy density ofDIN 1320: Acoustics, Version 1997-06, Beuth publishing

<math>

E_0 = 10^{-12} \mathrm{\frac{J}{m^3}}
</math>

References

Active Exploits is a diceless set of role-playing game rules by Precis Intermedia Gaming. The core rules (which contain no setting) are distributed for free as a pdf file, or for a fee as a printed book. There are a number of games which use the rules in particular settings, for example swashbuckling piracy and the world of Japanese girls’ comics.

The game has options for freeform and live action role-playing, as well as for converting the game to other systems. Ample conversion rules allow the adaptation of the engine to a number of commercial systems.

Modes of Play

Basic Exploits

This is an introductory version of the rules, intended for those who are new to the system or prefer something less involved.

Advanced Exploits

This presents both advanced and optional rules which players can selectively use. Some examples of advanced elements are:

• Flairs: These zoom in on character’s abilities.
• Fields of Expertise: These replace the need for skills by generalizing occupational knowledge.
• Convictions: These expand on the basic concept of Principles (in Basic Exploits) by utilizing Revelation and Dementia.
• Threads: These define group dynamics and help encourage more character-oriented roleplaying.
• Vehicles: Rules for using vehicles, from motorcycles to starships.

Live Exploits

These are guidelines from the Basic and Advanced Exploits sections which are optimized for live action role-playing.

Adaptive Exploits (Special Edition Softcover only)

A framework for converting characters from other game systems for use with Active Exploits, and adapting other ability/skill-based systems for diceless play.

Other features

Setting Specifics, which add new rules for magic and the occult, and martial arts.

References

External Links

• Active Exploits

User in a computing context refers to one who uses a computer system. Users may need to identify themselves for the purposes of accounting, security, logging and resource management. In order to identify oneself, a user has an account (a user account) and a username (also called a screen name, handle, nickname, or nick on some systems), and in most cases also a password (see below). Users employ the user interface to access systems, and the process of identification is often referred to as authentication.

Users are also widely characterized as the class of people that uses a system without complete technical expertise required to fully understand the system. In most hacker-related contexts, they are also called real users. See also End-user (computer science).

A computer user is similar to the user in telecommunications, but with slight semantic differences. The difference is comparable to the difference between end-users and consumers in economics.

For instance, one can be a user of (and have an account on) a computer system, a computer network or have an e-mail account.

Semantics

A user account allows one to authenticate to system services. It also generally provides one with the opportunity to be authorized to access them. However, authentication does not automatically imply authorization.
Once the user has logged on, the operating system will often use an identifier such as an integer to refer to them, rather than their username. On Unix systems this is called the user identifier or user id.

Computer systems are divided into two groups based on what kind of users they have:

• single-user systems do not have a concept of several user accounts
• multi-user systems have such a concept, and require users to identify themselves before using the system.

Compare

• Luser
• End-user (computer science)
• Stakeholder: a user is an operational stakeholder; many other stakeholders are not involved in operations
• Registered user
• Superuser

See also

• Nickname
• Password

References

A robotic book scanner is a machine which is used to scan books for upload to digital archives such as Project Gutenberg. The robotic scanners consist of three parts: a robot to turn the pages; a cradle, or table, to hold the book; and a camera. The camera or the imaging sensor captures an image of each page, as the robot turns the pages of the book. During the process, the book remains intact.

Robotic book scanners are used by many digital library projects, including Google Book Search.

External links

• Robotic Book Scanning at Stanford
• Home made scanner, using LEGO by MURANUSHI Takayuki
• BookDrive and BookDrive DIY using a Canon DSLR

Retinal detachment is a disorder of the eye in which the retina peels away from its underlying layer of support tissue. Initial detachment may be localized, but without rapid treatment the entire retina may detach, leading to vision loss and blindness. It is a medical emergency.

The retina is a thin disc-shaped layer of light-sensitive tissue on the back wall of the eye. It translates what we see into neural impulses and sends them to the brain via the optic nerve. Occasionally, injury or trauma to the eye or head may cause a small tear in the retina, which allows fluid to seep through, and peel it away like a bubble in wallpaper.

Types

• Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment - A rhegmatogenous retinal detachment occurs due to a hole, tear, or break in the retina that allows fluid to pass into the subretinal space between the sensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium.
• Exudative, serous, or secondary retinal detachment - An exudative retinal detachment occurs due to inflammation, injury or vascular abnormalities that results in fluid accumulating underneath the retina without the presence of a hole, tear, or break.
• Tractional retinal detachment - A tractional retinal detachment occurs when fibrovascular tissue, caused by an injury, inflammation or neovascularization, pulls the sensory retina from the retinal pigment epithelium.

Prevalence

The risk of retinal detachment in otherwise normal eyes is around 5 in 100,000 per year. Detachment is more frequent in the middle-aged or elderly population with rates of around 20 in 100,000 per year. The lifetime risk in normal eyes is about 1 in 300.

• Retinal detachment is more common in those with severe or extreme myopia (above 5-6 diopters), as their eyes are longer and the retina is stretched thin. The lifetime risk increases to 1 in 20. Myopia is associated with 67% of retinal detachment cases. Patients suffering from a detachment related to myopia tend to be younger than non-myopic detachment patients.

• Retinal detachment can occur more frequently after surgery for cataracts. The estimate of risk of retinal detachment after cataract surgery is 5 to 16 per 1000 cataract operations. The risk may be much higher in those who are highly myopic, with a frequency of 7% reported in one study. Young age at cataract removal further increased risk in this study.

• Tractional retinal detachments can also occur in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or those with proliferative retinopathy of sickle cell disease. In proliferative retinopathy, abnormal blood vessels (neovascularization) grow within the retina and extend into the vitreous. In advanced disease, the vessels can pull the retina away from the back wall of the eye causing a traction retinal detachment.

Although retinal detachment usually occurs in one eye, there is a 15% chance of developing it in the other eye, and this risk increases to 25-30% in patients who had cataracts extracted from both eyes.

Symptoms

A retinal detachment is commonly preceded by a posterior vitreous detachment which gives rise to these symptoms:

• flashes of light (photopsia) - very brief in the extreme temporal (outside away from the nose) part of vision
• a sudden dramatic increase in the number of floaters
• a ring of floaters or hairs just to the temporal side of the central vision
• a slight feeling of heaviness in the eye

Although most posterior vitreous detachments do not progress to retinal detachments, those that do produce the following symptoms:

• a dense shadow that starts in the peripheral vision and slowly progresses towards the central vision
• the impression that a veil or curtain was drawn over the field of vision
• straight lines (scale, edge of the wall, road, etc.) that suddenly appear curved (positive Amsler grid test)
• central visual loss

Treatment

There are several methods of treating a detached retina which all depend on finding and closing the holes (tears) which have formed in the retina.

• Cryopexy and Laser Photocoagulation

Cryotherapy (freezing) and laser photocoagulation are treatments used to create a scar/adhesion around the retinal hole to prevent fluid from entering the hole and accumulating behind the retina and exacerbating the retinal detachment. Cryopexy and photocoagulation are generally interchangeable. However, cryopexy is generally used in instances where there is a lot of fluid behind the hole; laser retinopexy will not take.

• Scleral buckle surgery

Scleral buckle surgery is an established treatment in which the eye surgeon sews one or more silicone bands (bands, tyres) to the outside of the eyeball. The bands push the wall of the eye inward against the retinal hole, closing the hole and allowing the retina to re-attach. The bands do not usually have to be removed. The most common side effect of a scleral operation is myopic shift. The operated eye generally will be 3-5 diopters more near sighted after the scleral buckle operation. Radial scleral buckle indicated to U-shaped tears or Fishmouth tears and posterior breaks. Circumferential scleral buckle indicated to multiple breaks, anterior breaks and wide breaks. Encircling buckles indicated to breaks more than 2 quadrant of retinal area, lattice degeration located on more than 2 quadrant of retinal area, undetecable breaks, proliferative vitreous retinopathy and inexperienced surgeon.The principles of retinal detachment by Pardianto G et al., in Mimbar Ilmiah Oftalmologi Indonesia.2005;2: 63-4.

• Pneumatic retinopexy

This operation is generally performed in the doctor’s office under local anesthesia. It is another method of repairing a retinal detachment in which a gas bubble (SF₆ or C₃F₈ gas) is injected into the eye after laser or freezing treatment is applied to surround the retinal hole. The patient’s head is then positioned so that the bubble rests against the retinal hole. Patients may have to keep their heads tilted for several days to keep the gas bubble in contact with the retinal hole. The surface tension of the air/water interface seals the hole in the retina, and allows the retinal pigment epithelium to pump the subretinal space dry and pull the retina back into place. This strict positioning requirement makes the treatment of the retinal holes and detachments that occurs in the lower part of the eyeball impractical.

• Vitrectomy

Vitrectomy is an increasingly widely used treatment for retinal detachment in countries with modern healthcare systems. It involves the removal of the vitreous gel and is usually combined with filling the eye with a gas bubble (SF₆ or C₃F₈ gas). Advantages of this operation is that there is no myopic shift after the operation. A disadvantage is that a vitrectomy always leads to more rapid progression of a cataract in the operated eye. Another major disadvantage of the operation is that, should a vitrectomy operation fail to work, the recurrent retinal detachment is much harder to repair. As such, except for special instances, the vitrectomy operation is not usually used as the initial operation to attempt to repair a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

• Ignipuncture

Ignipuncture is an outdated procedure that involves cauterization of the retina with a very hot pointed instrument.Wolfensberger TJ. “Jules Gonin. Pioneer of retinal detachment surgery.” Indian J Ophthalmol. 2003 Dec;51(4):303-8. PMID 14750617. It was pioneered and named by Jules Gonin in the early 1900s.

After treatment, patients gradually regain their vision over a period of a few weeks, although the visual acuity may not be as good as it was prior to the detachment, particularly if the macula was involved in the area of the detachment. However, if left untreated, total blindness could occur in a matter of days.

Prevention

Retinal detachment can be prevented in some. The most effective way of preventing retinal detachment is by educating people to seek ophthalmic medical attention if they suffer symptoms suggestive of a posterior vitreous detachment. Early examination allows detection of retinal tears which can be treated with laser or cryotherapy. This reduces the risk of retinal detachment in those who have tears from around 1:3 to 1:20.

There are some known risk factors for retinal detachment. There are also many activities which at one time or another have been forbidden to those at risk of retinal detachment, with varying degrees of evidence supporting the restrictions.

Cataract surgery is a major cause, and can result in detachment even a long time after the operation. The risk is increased if there are complications during cataract surgery, but remains even in apparently uncomplicated surgery. The increasing rates of cataract surgery, and decreasing age at cataract surgery, inevitably lead to an increased incidence of retinal detachment.

Trauma is a less frequent cause. Activities which can cause direct trauma to the eye (boxing, kickboxing, karate, etc.) may cause a particular type of retinal tear called a retinal dialysis. This type of tear can be detected and treated before it develops into a retinal detachment. For this reason governing bodies in some of these sports require regular ophthalmic examination.

Individuals prone to retinal detachment due to a high level of myopia are encouraged to avoid activities where there is a risk of shock to the head or eyes, although without direct trauma to the eye the evidence base for this may be unconvincing. Some doctors recommend avoiding activities that
increase pressure in the eye, including diving, skydiving, again with little supporting evidence. According to one medical website, retinal detachment does not happen as a result of straining your eyes, bending or, heavy lifting. Therefore, heavy weightlifting would appear to be fine. However, two recent scientific articles have noted cases of retinal detachment or maculopathy due to weightlifting (specifically with the Valsalva method), and a third documented an increase in blood pressure in the eye during weightlifting .

Activities that involve sudden acceleration or deceleration also increase eye pressure and are discouraged by some doctors. These include bungee jumping and may also include rollercoaster rides.

References

See also

• Lattice degeneration
• Retinoschisis

External links

• Retinal Detachment Resource Guide from the National Eye Institute (NEI).
• Overview of retinal detachment from eMedicine
• Guidelines from the American Academy of Family Physicians
• Retinal detachment information from WebMD
• Retinal detachment information from the Merck Manual
• A Diary of Retinal Detachment
• [http://www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/PublicWebsite/public_rnib003661.hcsp Royal National Institute for the Blind(UK )Site
• Retinal Detachment Frequently Asked Questions
• Detached Retina and The Treatment Required

A zero cross circuit is an electrical circuit that starts operation with the AC load voltage at close to zero-phase. This is in relation to solid state relays, such as triacs and silicon controlled rectifiers. The purpose of the circuit is to start the controlled triac conducting as soon as possible, so that the input and output voltages and waveforms are as close as possible. This is useful when the triac is used to control outlets, motors, ballasted lights, or other loads where voltage drops or waveform clipping could cause ill effects.

The point where the line voltage is 0 V is the Zero Cross Point. When a triac is connected in its simplest form, it can clip the beginning of the voltage curve, due to the minimum gate voltage of the triac. A zero cross circuit works to correct this problem, so that the triac functions as well as possible. This is typically done with thyristors in two of the three phases.

Many opto-triacs come with zero cross circuits built in. They are often used to control larger, power triacs. In this setup triac turn-on delays will compound, so quick turn on times are important.

The corresponding phase angle circuits are more sophisticated and more expensive than zero cross circuits.

The modulation order of a digital communication scheme is determined by the number of the different symbols that can be transmitted using it.

Modulation order can only be defined for digital modulations. The simplest forms of digital modulation are of second order because they can transmit only two symbols (usually denoted as “0″ and “1″ or as “-1″ and “1″). They are called binary shift keying (BSK).

Modulations which have an order of 4 and above usually are termed as higher-order modulations. Examples of these are quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and its generalisation as m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM).

Because existing computers and automation systems are based on binary logic most of the modulations have an order which is a power of two: 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. In principle, however, the order of a modulation can be any integer greater than one.

When the order of a digital modulation approaches infinity its properties approach those of the respective analog modulation. Thus the analogue modulations can be viewed as extreme cases of higher-order digital modulations for which the order is equal to infinity.

The distortion power factor is used in power electronics to describe how a load’s harmonic distortion of the current decreases the average power transferred to the load. Distortion power factor is an important factor in the calculation of true power factor, which describes the decrease in average power transferred due to harmonics and to phase shift between voltage and current.

<math>

\mbox{distortion power factor} = {1 \over \sqrt{ 1 + \mbox{THD}_i^2}} = {I_{\mbox{1,rms}} \over I_{\mbox{rms}}}
</math>

<math>\mbox{THD}_i</math> is the total harmonic distortion of the load current. This definition assumes that the voltage stay undistorted (sinusoidal, without harmonics). This simplification is often a good approximation in practice. <math>I_{1,\mbox{rms}}</math> is the fundamental component of the current and <math>I_{\mbox{rms}}</math> is the total current - both are root mean square-values.

The result when multiplied with the displacement power factor (DPF) is the true power factor or just power factor (PF):

<math>

\mbox{PF} = \mbox{DPF} {I_{\mbox{1,rms}} \over I_{\mbox{rms}}}
</math>

See also

• Power factor

External links

• Harmonics and how they relate to power factor
• Power and RMS Values of Fourier Series

Efke is the brand name of photographic films, papers, and chemicals manufactured by Fotokemika d.d., a company located in Samobor, Croatia.

Products description

The Efke films are black-and-white films with high silver content and as a result give a large exposure latitude and high quality grayscale reproduction when compared with modern films. The Efke 25, 50 and 100 products are made using the ADOX formulas that were first introduced in the 1950s.

The Efke films are more forgiving of exposure variations than modern tabular crystal films. The nature of the product also allows large, grain free, enlargements to be made from negatives.

Efke films are coated in one layer, unlike most other films which are coated in multiple layers. This makes the film thinner and the emulsion more easily damaged, especially when still wet after development. A hardening fixer can be used to help protect the emulsion. The film base is also thinner and more transparent, making inspection of the negative easier. However it can also make the film curl more easily.

Efke is one of the last manufacturers still making the once-popular 127 film, and indeed was the only manufacturer in the world making 127 format film between 1995, when Kodak discontinued the format, and 2006, when a Canadian company also began making 127.

The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) is an international body, founded in the late 1980s by NEC Home Electronics and eight other video display adapter manufacturers. The initial goal was to produce a standard for 800×600 SVGA resolution video displays. Since then VESA has issued a number of standards, mostly relating to the function of video peripherals in IBM PC compatible computers.

Among VESA’s standards:

• VESA Feature Connector (VFC), obsoleted connector that was often present on older videocards, used as an 8-bit video bus to other devices
• VESA Advanced Feature Connector (VAFC), newer version of the above VFC that widens the 8-bit bus to either a 16-bit or 32-bit bus.
• VESA Local Bus (VLB), once used as a fast video bus (akin to the modern AGP).
• VESA BIOS Extensions (VBE), used for enabling standard support for advanced video modes (at high resolutions and color depths)
• Display Data Channel (DDC), allowing monitors to identify themselves to the video boards they’re attached to. The format of the actual identification data is however called extended display identification data (EDID).
• VESA Display Power Management Signaling, which allows monitors to be queried on the types of power saving modes they support
• A number of standards relating to flat-panel screens, video connectors, video cable timings etc.
• Digital Packet Video Link
• Flat Display Mounting Interface (FDMI), which defines “VESA mounts”
• General Timing Formula (GTF) video timings standard
• Coordinated Video Timings standard (CVT)
• VESA Video Interface Port (VIP), a digital video interface standard.
• DisplayPort Standard, a digital video interface standard.
• VESA Enhanced Video Connector - an obsolete standard for reducing the number of cables around computers.

Criticisms

VESA have charged high price for published standards, which have prevented the propagation of the supposed open standards.[1] According to Kendall Bennett, developer of VBE/AF standard, VESA Software Standards Committee was closed down as a result of such practice. Although nowadays VESA have hosted free standards, the collection rarely (if ever) include newly developed standards. Even for obsolete standards, the collection is incomplete. The secretive practices persist even when competing standard committees are offering their specifications free of charge. As of 2006, a document (even those offered freely by VESA) can cost hundreds of dollars, and the only way to get some of the older standards (assuming they are still on sale) is through those already having the printed versions.

VESA had been criticized for having a track record of developing unsuccessful digital interface standards.[2]

External links

• VESA website
• VESA standards page

MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) composition takes advantage of the MIDI interface to allow musical data files to be shared among various electronic instruments by using a standard list of commands and parameters known as General MIDI (GM). Because the music is simply data and not actually recorded wave forms, (the data is essentially a series of “on” and “off” commands, along with numerical information) it is therefore maintained in a small file format. Several computer programs allow manipulation of the data so that composing for an entire orchestra is possible and can be reproduced by any electronic instrument that adheres to the GM standards. There are many websites that allow downloads of popular songs as well as classical music, and there are also some websites where midi composers can share their works and compete with others. One of these is Midi Contest, which also provides interaction between composers through forums and voice chat.

Along with the standard MIDI format, a popular variation is the .KAR format, a standard GM MIDI file with embedded song lyrics which, when played back using a compatible PC karaoke player, display the lyrics karaoke-style while playing the song. Although the MIDI karaoke format precludes the use of background vocals and harmonies, the incredibly small size of the file (in comparison to other “digital music” formats), the ease with which the files may be modified and edited, and the ever-increasing quality of midi instrumentation has ensured the continued popularity of the MIDI karaoke format.

In telecommunication, the term synchronizing has the following meanings:

1. Achieving and maintaining synchronism.
2. In fax, achieving and maintaining predetermined speed relations between the scanning spot and the recording spot within each scanning line.

In the civilian community, the noun “synchronization ” is preferred to “synchronizing.”

References

This article is based on the Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188.

Osgoldcross Rural District was a rural district in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was created in 1938, from 19 remaining parishes of the disbanded Pontefract Rural District after three-quarters (but only a small fraction of the area) of its population had been transferred to surrounding authorities - specifically to Castleford (which took 14,145 of the 23,981 in the district in 1931), Knottingley, and Pontefract.

It was named after the Wapentake of Osgoldcross and administered from Pontefract.

Since April 1, 1974 it has formed part of the District of Selby and the City of Wakefield.

At the time of its dissolution it consisted of the following 19 civil parishes.

• Balne
• Beal
• Birkin
• Brotherton
• Burton Salmon
• Bryam-cum-Sutton
• Cridling Stubbs
• Darrington
• East Hardwick
• Eggborough
• Fairburn
• Heck
• Hensall
• Hillam
• Kellington
• Monk Fryston
• Stapleton
• Whitley
• Wormersley

All but Darrington and East Hardwick went to Selby district.

References

• http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10074319&c_id=10001043

Environmental scanning is a concept from business management by which businesses gather information from the environment, to better achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. To sustain competitive advantage the company must also respond to the information gathered from environmental scanning by altering its strategies and plans when the need arises.

Methods

There are three ways of scanning the business environment:

• Continuous scanning - (also called continuous learning) - continuous structured factors

Most commentators feel that in today’s turbulent business environment the best scanning method available is continuous scanning.This allows the firm to act quickly, take advantage of opportunities before competitors do, and respond to environmental threats before significant damage is done.

The Macroenvironment

Environmental scanning usually refers just to the macroenvironment, but it can also include industry and competitor analysis, consumer analysis, product innovations, and the company’s internal environment. Macroenvironmental scanning involves analysing:

• The Economy
  • GNP or GDP per capita
  • economic growth
  • unemployment rate
  • inflation rate
  • consumer and investor confidence
  • inventory levels
  • currency exchange rates
  • merchandise trade balance
  • financial and political health of trading partners
  • balance of payments
  • future trends
• Government
  • political climate - amount of government activity
  • political stability and risk
  • government debt
  • budget deficit or surplus
  • corporate and personal tax rates
  • payroll taxes
  • import tariffs and quotas
  • export restrictions
  • restrictions on international financial flows
• Legal
  • minimum wage laws
  • environmental protection laws
  • worker safety laws
  • union laws
  • copyright and patent laws
  • anti- monopoly laws
  • Sunday closing laws
  • municipal licences
  • laws that favour business investment
• Technology
  • efficiency of infrastructure, including: roads, ports, airports, rolling stock, hospitals, education, healthcare, communication, etc.
  • industrial productivity
  • new manufacturing processes
  • new products and services of competitors
  • new products and services of supply chain partners
  • any new technology that could impact the company
  • cost and accessibility of electrical power
• Ecology
  • ecological concerns that affect the firms production processes
  • ecological concerns that affect customers’ buying habits
  • ecological concerns that affect customers’ perception of the company or product
• Socio-Cultural
  • demographic factors such as:
    • population size and distribution
    • age distribution
    • education levels
    • income levels
    • ethnic origins
    • religious affiliations
  • attitudes towards:
    • materialism, capitalism, free enterprise
    • individualism, role of family, role of government, collectivism
    • role of church and religion
    • consumerism
    • environmentalism
    • importance of work, pride of accomplishment
  • cultural structures including:
    • diet and nutrition
    • housing conditions
• Potential Suppliers
  • Labour supply
    • quantity of labour available
    • quality of labour available
    • stability of labour supply
    • wage expectations
    • employee turn-over rate
    • strikes and labour relations
    • educational facilities
  • Material suppliers
    • quality, quantity, price, and stability of material inputs
    • delivery delays
    • proximity of bulky or heavy material inputs
    • level of competition among suppliers
  • Service Providers
    • quantity, quality, price, and stability of service facilitators
    • special requirements
• Stakeholders
  • Lobbyists
  • Shareholders
  • Employees
  • Partners

Scanning these macroenvironmental variables for threats and opportunities requires that each issue be rated on two dimensions. It must be rated on its potential impact on the company, and rated on its likeliness of occurrence. Multiplying the potential impact parameter by the likeliness of occurrence parameter gives us a good indication of its importance to the firm.

Responses

When an issue is detected, there are generally six ways of responding to them:

• opposition strategy - try to influence the environmental forces so as to negate their impact - this is only successful where you have some control over the environmental variable in question
• adaptation strategy - adapt your marketing plan to the new environmental conditions
• offensive strategy - try to turn the new influence into an advantage - quick response can give you a competitive advantage
• redeployment strategy - redeploy your assets into another industry
• contingency strategies - determine a broad range of possible reactions - find substitutes
• passive strategy - no response - study the situation further

How do we then analyse a retail business using this strategy?

See also

• Marketing
• Marketing management
• Strategic Toolkit
• Industry or market research
• Marketing research
• PEST analysis
• Porter 5 forces analysis
• Prometheus Process
• Marketing plan
• SWOT Analysis
• Competitor analysis
• Environmental analysis
• List of marketing topics
• List of management topics
• List of economics topics
• List of accounting topics
• List of finance topics
• List of economists

The Update Computer Society (Datorföreningen Update in Swedish) is an academic computer club at the university of Uppsala, and a member of the Nordic University Computer Club. Update was founded in 1983, and membership is open to all students and employees at the University of Uppsala and the University of Agricultural Sciences at Uppsala. The club operates its own terminal room in the computer science building, and provides various computer services to its members. Several of the members have an interest tending towards the historical, and Update keeps several ancient computer systems, architectures ranging from VAX and PDP-11 to Cray and from LISP machines to PDP-8, some of which are kept operational and ready to run.

External links

• Official web site of the Update Computer Society

Average fixed cost (AFC) is an economics term to describe the total fixed costs (TFC) divided by the number of units produced.
<math>\left ( \frac{TFC}{Q} \right ) = AFC</math>; TFC = total fixed cost, Q = quantity of units produced

Average variable cost plus average fixed cost equals average total cost.

See also

• Variable cost

Envolution is a content management system that began as a fork of PostNuke.

Creation

Envolution created and developed a smarty based templating engine named “Encompass”. Emcompass was later combined with “envRender”, another Envolution-developed work.

Envolution Software

The Envolution Project formally disbanded as a community project in 2003. Afterwards, the group became the Envolution Software business entity. Envolution Software serves as a holding company for various other projects and products.

External links

• Envolution Website

The quantum yield of a radiation-induced process is the number of times that a defined event occurs per photon absorbed by the system. Thus, the quantum yield is a measure of the efficiency with which absorbed light produces some effect.

For example, in a chemical photodegradation process, when a molecule falls apart after absorbing a light quantum, the quantum yield is the number of destroyed molecules divided by the number of photons absorbed by the system. Since not all photons are absorbed productively, the typical quantum yield will be less than 1.

Quantum yields greater than 1 are possible for photo-induced or radiation-induced chain reactions, in which a single photon may trigger a long chain of transformations. One example is the reaction of hydrogen with chlorine, in which a few hundred molecules of hydrochloric acid are typically formed per quantum of blue light absorbed.

In optical spectroscopy, the quantum yield is the probability that a given quantum state is formed from the system initially prepared in some other quantum state. For example, a singlet to triplet transition quantum yield is the fraction of molecules that, after being photoexcited into a singlet state, cross over to the triplet state. The fluorescence quantum yield is defined as the ratio of the number of photons emitted to the number of photons absorbed.

See also

Quantum Efficiency

A eurodistrict is a European administrative entity that contains urban agglomerations which lie across the border between two or more states. A eurodistrict offers a program for cooperation and integration of the towns or communes which it comprises: for example, improving transport links for people who live and work on different sides of the border. Furthermore, it confers a trans-national regional identity and represents European integration.

The first Eurodistricts created or currently undergoing creation are:

• Strasbourg-Kehl-Offenburg, known as the Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict.
• The Freiburg-Alsace Eurodistrict
• Lille-Kortrijk
• Saar-Moselle
• Basel-Lörrach-St. Louis-Weil am Rhein

They may be established:

• by a simple agreement about common projects in the area;
• in a more institutionalised manner by a local association for transfrontier or cross-border cooperation (in French: groupement local de coopération transfrontalière or GLCT), which can draw up plans for transfrontier cooperation between towns or communes; or
• with an even greater degree of institutionalisation, perhaps including structures allowing a transfer of power and elected by all district citizens. This has constitutional implications for the individual countries involved, which have to be taken into account when drawing up agreements.

Note that transfrontier cooperation methods between regions known as euroregions exist in parallel to eurodistricts, which are generally urban. Furthermore, a eurodistrict can be located within a euroregion and even have certain connections with it.

The term eurodistrict is quite new and has not been defined by organisations like the Council of Europe or the European Union.

See also

• Franco-German cooperation
• Euroregion

External links

• Council of Europe document on Transfrontier Cooperation (October 2005)

Pulses are defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as annual leguminous crops yielding from one to twelve grains or seeds of variable size, shape and color within a pod. Pulses are used for food and animal feed.

The term pulses, as used by the FAO, is reserved for crops harvested solely for the dry grain. This therefore excludes green beans and green peas, which are considered vegetable crops.
Also excluded are crops which are mainly grown for oil extraction (oilseeds like soybeans and peanuts), and crops which are used exclusively for sowing (clovers, alfalfa).

Pulses are important food crops due to their high protein and essential amino acid content.
Like many leguminous crops, pulses play a key role in crop rotation due to their ability to fix nitrogen.

Statistics

India is both the world’s largest producer and the world’s largest importer of pulses.

Canada, Myanmar, Australia and the United States are significant exporters of pulses. These are the four most significant suppliers of India’s imports, in that order.

The vast majority of leguminous crops grown in the United States are soybeans, used as livestock feed and for extraction of vegetable oil, and peanuts, neither of which is considered a pulse.

Classification of pulses

FAO recognizes 11 primary pulses.

1. Dry beans (Phaseolus spp. including several species now in Vigna)
   • Kidney bean, haricot bean, pinto bean, navy bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
   • Lima bean, butter bean (Vigna lunatus)
   • Azuki bean, adzuki bean (Vigna angularis)
   • Mung bean, golden gram, green gram (Vigna radiata)
   • Black gram, Urad (Vigna mungo)
   • Scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus)
   • Rice bean (Vigna umbellata)
   • Moth bean (Vigna acontifolia)
   • Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius)
2. Dry broad beans (Vicia faba)
   • Horse bean (Vicia faba equina)
   • Broad bean (Vicia faba)
   • Field bean (Vicia faba)
3. Dry peas (Pisum spp.)
   • Garden pea (Pisum sativum var. sativum)
   • Protein pea (Pisum sativun var. arvense)
4. Chickpea, Garbanzo, Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)
5. Dry cowpea, Black-eyed pea, blackeye bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana)
6. Pigeon pea, Toor, cajan pea, congo bean (Cajanus cajan)
7. Lentil (Lens culinaris)
8. Bambara groundnut, earth pea (Vigna subterranea)
9. Vetch, common vetch (Vicia sativa)
10. Lupins (Lupinus spp.)
11. Minor pulses include:
    • Lablab, hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus)
    • Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), sword bean (Canavalia gladiata)
    • Winged bean (Psophocarpus teragonolobus)
    • Velvet bean, cowitch (Mucuna pruriens var. utilis)
    • Yam bean (Pachyrrizus erosus)

Protein content

Pulses are 20 to 25% protein by weight, which is double the protein content of wheat and three times that of rice. For this reason, pulses are sometimes called “poor man’s meat”. While pulses are generally high in protein, and the digestibility of that protein is also high, they often are relatively poor in the essential amino acid methionine. Grains (which are themselves deficient in lysine) are commonly consumed along with pulses to form a complete protein.

References

• Food and Agriculture Organization. DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF COMMODITIES, 4. PULSES AND DERIVED PRODUCTS, 1994

See also

• Fabaceae

External links

• http://www.pulsecanada.com/
• http://www.specialcrops.mb.ca/
• http://www.grainlegumes.com/
• http://www.beanslentils.com/about_b&l.htm

In econometrics a dynamic factor (also known as a diffusion index) is a series which measures the co-movement of many time series. It is used in macroeconomic models.

Formally

<math> X_{t}=\Lambda_{t}F_{t}+e_{t},</math>

where <math>F_{t}=(f^{\top}_{t},\dots,f^{\top}_{t-q})</math> is the vector of lagged factors of the variables in the <math>T \times N</math> matrix <math>X_{t}</math> (T is the number of observations and N is the number of variables),<math>\Lambda_{t}</math> are the factor loadings, and <math>e_{t}</math> is the factor error.

Literature

• Forni, Mario & Lippi, Marco, 2001. The Generalized Dynamic Factor Model: Representation Theory, Econometric Theory, vol. 17(6), pages 1113-41.
• Stock, James H & Watson, Mark W, 2002. Macroeconomic Forecasting Using Diffusion Indexes, Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, vol. 20(2), pages 147-62.

The Industrial Relations Act 1971 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, since repealed. It was referred to as 1971 c. 72 (the 72nd Act of the United Kingdom Parliament enacted in 1971), and was largely based on proposals outlined in the governing Conservative Party’s manifesto for the 1970 general election. The act was highly controversial and was repealed in 1974 when the Labour Party returned to government.

Effect of legislation

The law limited wildcat strikes and prohibited limitations on legitimate strikes. It also established the National Industrial Relations Court, which was empowered to grant injunctions as necessary to prevent injurious strikes and also to settle a variety of labour disputes. The Act repealed portions of the Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act 1927, which prohibited general strikes.

Trade union reaction

The Trades Union Congress under the leadership of General Secretary Vic Feather campaigned against the legislation with a nationwide “Kill the Bill” campaign. [1] On 12 January, 1971 the TUC held a ‘day of action’ in protest, with a march through London. In March, 1,500,000 members of the Amalgamated Engineering Union staged a one day strike. After the Bill received Royal Assent, in September 1971 the TUC voted to require its member unions not to comply with its provisions (including registering as a union under the Act). The Transport and General Workers Union was twice fined for contempt of court over its refusal to comply. However, some smaller unions did comply and 32 were suspended from membership of the TUC at the 1972 congress.

Protest

Campaigning against the Bill eventually coalesced around individual workers. When the Pentonville Five were arrested for refusing to appear before the National Industrial Relations Court and imprisoned in the summer of 1972, their case received great publicity. Eventually, the Official Solicitor intervened to order their release.

Repeal

Prime Minister Edward Heath called a general election over the issue of “Who Governs Britain?” in February 1974, during a lengthy dispute with the National Union of Mineworkers. Two days before polling day, the Director-General of the Confederation of British Industry Campbell Adamson made a speech in which he said “I should like to see the next government repeal the Act so that we can get proper agreement on what should replace it”. Adamson’s statement made headlines, and was thought to have damaged the Conservative Party’s election prospects. Adamson’s statement was repudiated by CBI President Sir Michael Clapham, and he offered to resign (the offer was refused).

The incoming Labour government repealed the Act through the Trade Union and Labour Relations Act 1974.

In geometry, the decagonal antiprism is the eighth in an infinite set of antiprisms formed by an even-numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps.

If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.

See also

• Set of antiprisms

External links

• Virtual Reality Polyhedra www.georgehart.com: The Encyclopedia of Polyhedra
  • VRML model
  • Conway Notation for Polyhedra Try: “A10″

Nervous Gender is a punk band founded in Los Angeles, California in 1978 by Gerardo Velazquez, Edward Stapleton, Phranc and Michael Ochoa.

Their use of heavily distorted keyboards and synthesizers made them, along with the Screamers, one of the original innovators of what is today called “Synthpunk”, although they could equally be considered an early industrial group. The group was confrontational and experimental.

Phranc’s androgynous appearance was the embodiment of the group’s name and garnered the band much press in zines such as Slash. Despite their somewhat high profile, the groups’ habit of provoking the audience, obscene material and harsh erotics guaranteed they would never gain commercial acceptance. At their first show in 1979, a benefit for the Women’s Video Center, Phranc called the audience “pussies” and “dykes” when the band was requested to stop playing, and songs like “Jesus Clone”, contained lyrics such as “Jesus was a cocksucking Jew”.

In 1979, Don Bolles of The Germs joined as drummer. The next year Phranc left the band and Paul Roessler of the Screamers joined. At this time they recorded the tracks for the compilation Live At Target, released as an LP and a video, both seminal not only in the punk scene but also as early industrial recordings; fellow contributors Factrix and Zev (listed on this recording as “UNS”) were early industrial acts, and Nervous Gender found more acceptance among that scene initially. All the artists involved in Live At Target were experimenting with atonality, noise and concepts not common until post-punk groups emerged later. Nervous Gender played with bands such as SPK, Factrix, Non, Einsturzende Neubauten, and Psychic TV during the early 1980s.

In 1981 they released their LP Music From Hell, which included guest vocalist Alice Bag from The Bags singing on “Alice’s Song”. Nervous Gender did not record in the studio again. After the LP came out, Paul Roessler moved to New York to play with the Nina Hagen Band and was replaced by Bill Cline, and Don Bolles left the band to play with 45 Grave. He was replaced by an eight-year-old boy, Sven Pfeiffer. In 1982, Sven’s mother took the young drummer back to live in Germany. During their career Nervous Gender was called by one critic, “…the thorn in the side of the L.A. music scene…”.

During the mid 80s, the band was on the verge of breaking up when members of Wall of Voodoo Bruce Moreland, Marc Moreland and Chas Grey, who were fans, stepped in and offered to collaborate with them. It was at this point that a guitar-driven version of Nervous Gender emerged. During this time Dinah Cancer of 45 Grave was a frequent guest performer with them, and they played shows with bands such as Christian Death, Super Heroines, Kommunity FK and Gobsheit (a side project of Stapleton’s with Patrice Repose) at venues such as the Anti Club. In 1988, Edward Stapleton played his last show with the band.

In early 1990, original members Gerardo Velasquez and Michael Ochoa along with Joe Zinnato (a long time Ochoa collaborator) revived Nervous Gender as a trio. This formation did a series of 8 performances, and were working on what would have been the final Nervous Gender album (working title “American Regime”) with producer Paul Cutler ( of 45 Grave). The final performance of Nervous Gender was on August 26, 1991 at Club A.S.S. in Silverlake, CA. Gerardo Velasquez died on March 28, 1992, at age 33.

After Gerardo’s death, members Ochoa and Zinnato, with the addition of singer Claire Lawrence - Slater (of Honeymoon Killers, Huge Killer Ships), formed “HighHeelTitWig” a punk-industrial-pop-grunge hybrid, which played a series of shows. In 1995 Joe Zinnato suffered a serious stroke which put an end to musical activities.

As of 2005, Edward Stapleton, Michael Ochoa and Joe Zinnato were reviewing all of the Nervous Gender material (studio, live and rehearsal recordings and performance videos) with an eye towards releasing a NG retospective. At this time, Edward Stapleton (with Karene Stapleton) also recorded under the name Kali’s Thugs.

Discography

• Live at Target (1980) on Subterranean Records
• Music from Hell split LP with Beelzebub Youth (aka Nervous Gender) (1981) on Subterranean Records
• Live at the Roxy
• Live at the Scream
• Nervous Gender Live at the Hong Kong Cafe 1979 (2006) The first in a series of archival recordings available from Nervous Gender via their web site

See also

List of musicians in the first wave of punk music

External links

• Official Nervous Gender Archive site
• Nervous Gender Unofficial Site
• Edward Stapleton’s theoretcal site
• Interview with Edward Stapleton
• Review of Live At Target

A NERVOUS GENDER show in 2007

• http://events.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=events.detail&eventID=353152.98612&Mytoken=8C2AE4DB-5C64-4636-B8FD20799FD8874E23465364

Step into Christmas is a Christmas song written and performed by Elton John, released in 1973. Though it was originally released as a stand-alone single in 1973 with the B-Side “Ho! Ho! Ho! Who’d Be a Turkey at Christmas”, it was later included as a bonus track on the 1996 remastered reissue of the album Caribou. It also appears on the albums Elton John’s Christmas Party, Rare Masters, To Be Continued, and The Best Christmas Album In The World…Ever!.

Other versions

It was covered by the band The Wedding Present on their 1992 album Hit Parade II, and also covered by The Business for the ‘Bollocks to Christmas’ EP.

External links

• Step Into Christmas lyrics

In music, a dyad is a set of two notes or pitches. Although most chords have three or more notes, in certain contexts a dyad may be considered to be a chord. The most common two-note chord has pitches a perfect fifth apart. This chord may be suggestive of music of the Medieval or Renaissance periods, of various kinds of folk music, or of rock music, especially “hard” rock music, of the 1960’s and beyond. When fifths are missing from major or minor tertian triads, on the other hand, they are generally still considered triads, rather than dyads.

Since an interval is the distance between two pitches, dyads may be classified by the interval each entails. When the pitches of a dyad occur in succession, they may be regarded as forming a melodic interval. When they occur simultaneously, they may be regarded as forming an harmonic interval.

The enthalpy of atomization (also standard enthalpy of atomisation - UK spelling) is the enthalpy change that accompanies the total separation of all atoms in a chemical substance (either a chemical element or a chemical compound). This is often represented by the symbol ΔH_at^O. The associated standard enthalpy is known as the Standard enthalpy of atomization, ΔH_at^O/(kJ·mol^-1), at 298 K and 1 atmosphere of pressure, or 100 kPa (kilopascals.)

The enthalpy of atomization of gaseous H₂O is, for example, the sum of the HO—H and H—O bond dissociation enthalpies. The enthalpy of atomization of an elemental solid is exactly the same as the enthalpy of sublimation for any elemental solid that becomes a monatomic gas upon evaporation.

There is a difference between a solid converting to a gas, and a diatomic gaseous element converting to gaseous atoms. The standard enthalpy is purely based on the production of one mole of gaseous atoms.

Peachtree Accounting is business management software published by Sage Software and sold primarily in the United States. There have been several generations of software sold under the Peachtree Accounting name.

Peachtree Accounting was originally sold by Peachtree Software, a software publisher founded in 1975 by Jim Dunion with the first software published in 1976. Peachtree was acquired by the Sage Group in 1998 for USD $145 million. Peachtree was the first business software introduced for microcomputers and the oldest microcomputer software program for business in current use, with the possible exception of the original Microsoft Basic interpreters, also introduced in 1975.

See Also

• Comparison of accounting software

External links

• Peachtree website

A turnaround document is a document that has been output from a computer, some extra information added to it, and then returned to become an input document. For example, meter cards are produced for collecting readings from gas meters, photocopiers, water meters etc. These are filled in by the customer and then returned to the company for scanning using ICR (Intelligent Character Recognition) so that the system can produce the bills for the customer.

Tidal scour is an erosion process which is carried out by the tidal movement of water.
Examples of this hydrological process can be found in many areas of the world. Two locations in the United States where tidal scour is the predominant shaping force is the San Francisco Bay and the Elkhorn Slough. Many other coastal areas around the world are shaped by this process.

A wiggler is a parallel port interface for either JTAG or BDM debugging. Slower than a Raven, it is however a stable, easy to use device.

The wiggler is a low-cost interface used in the design, debug, and programming of microprocessor and microcontroller based embedded systems. One side of the Wiggler interfaces to the parallel port of a host (like an IBM compatible PC) and the other side connects to an OCD (On-Chip Debug) port of the target system. This port may be JTAG, E-JTAG, OnCE, COP, BDM, or any of several other types of connections.

A negative photocopy inverts the colors of the document when creating the photocopy resulting in letters that appear white on a black background instead of black on a white background. Negative photocopies of old or faded documents sometimes produce documents which have better focus and are easier to read and study.

• Document imaging SearchExpress Document Imaging software lets you scan, OCR, index and search. The SearchExpress family of affordable document imaging and document
• Document Imaging Software Capture Software PaperVision PaperFlow CASO Inc. provides solutions for Enterprise Content Management and Electronic Document Management Systems.
• Document Imaging Software - Unbiased advice on document management BuyerZone offers you advice on purchasing document imaging software and the ability to request free document management quotes from leading local and
• Document Imaging & Document Management Software Whether your business is large or small, ESI has the document imaging & document management software solution to suit your needs.
• ImageTool Document Management Software ImageTool software allows you to capture, collaborate and archive the documents, information and emails that are critical to your operations.
• eCopy™ Document Imaging Software Now Available for Océ MFP Customers Nashua, NH, October 11, 2007 ? eCopy Inc., a leading provider of solutions that integrate paper documents into business software applications, and Océ,
• Document Imaging and Construction Software Solutions Construction accounting software solutions including job cost, equipment cost, service management and easy report writers.
• Mile.com: Scanning and Document Imaging Software for Trucking Take a look at Prophesy's powerful scanning & rendition billing interface for the ultimate in document imaging designed for trucking. Scan documents in once
• Scrape to Folder v.SStoFolder.exe Download - Document Scanning Document Scanning Software designed to Image Enable and Application. The operator looks up a record in their current application, clicks on an Icon and the
• Document imaging, scanning, document management software A document imaging service bureau that will scan documents to CD. Suppliers of high speed production scanners and document management software.
• Wichita Deploys eCopy(TM) Document Imaging Software With Ricoh Wichita Deploys eCopy(TM) Document Imaging Software With Ricoh Manufactured MFPs in Every City Government Department.

In music hocket is the rhythmic linear technique using the alternation of notes, pitches, or chords. This is opposed to the alternation of phrases, or antiphony. In medieval practice of hocket, the melody in two voices moves (sometimes quickly) back-and-forth in such a manner that one voice is still while the other moves, and vice-versa.

In European music, hocket was used primarily in vocal music of the 13th and early 14th centuries. It was a predominant characteristic of music of the Notre Dame school, during the ars antiqua, in which it was found in sacred vocal music. In the 14th century, the device was most often found in secular vocal music.

The phrase originated from its use to describe medieval French motets but is commonly used in contemporary music (Louis Andriessen’s Hoketus), popular music (funk, stereo panning), Indonesian gamelan music (interlocking patterns shared between two instruments — called imbal in Java and Kotekan in Bali), Andean siku (panpipe) music (two pipe sets sharing the full number of pitches between them), and many African cultures such as the Ba-Benzélé (featured on Herbie Hancock’s Watermelon Man, see Pygmy music), Mbuti, Basarwa (Khoisan), and Gogo (Tanzania).

References

• Tagg, Philip. Hocket, Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World
• Musical example from Cent Motets du XIIIe Siècle, vol. I, Paris, 1908, 64-65.

See Also

• Louis Andriessen’s Hoketus.
• Kecak, Balinese performance piece also known as the Ramayana Monkey Chant.

• Document Imaging Software- Document Scanning, OCR, and Capture With EZImager, users simply set up zone templates once for each document type. EZImager Document Capture Scanning/OCR Software Request Eval Copy
• Document Scanning Software with Document Management | Document Locator Document Locator's powerful document management with integrated document scanning software is an alternative to document scanning services.
• Document Management Software System - Docsvault - Integrated Docsvault is the electronic document management software for electronic filing your paper files through integrated scanning, customized organizing,
• Mile.com: Scanning and Document Imaging Software for Trucking Take a look at Prophesy's powerful scanning & rendition billing interface for the ultimate in document imaging designed for trucking. Scan documents in once
• eCopy(TM) Document Imaging Software Now Available for Océ MFP NASHUA, NH–(Marketwire - October 11, 2007) - eCopy, Inc., a leading provider of solutions that integrate paper documents into business software
• DOCUMENT CAPTURE SCANNER SOFTWARE: KODAK Capture, EMC Captiva DOCUMENT CAPTURE SCANNER SOFTWARE: KODAK Capture, EMC Captiva QuickScan PRO, KOFAX ASCENT CAPTURE (Front-End Capture Software)
• Document Imaging and Construction Software Solutions Construction accounting software solutions including job cost, equipment cost, service management and easy report writers.